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      Call for Papers: Sex and Gender in Neurodegenerative Diseases

      Submit here before September 30, 2024

      About Neurodegenerative Diseases: 3.0 Impact Factor I 4.3 CiteScore I 0.695 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      Incidence of Spinal Cord Injury Worldwide: A Systematic Review

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          Abstract

          Background: Incidence studies of spinal cord injury (SCI) are important for health-care planning and epidemiological research. This review gives a quantitative update on SCI epidemiology worldwide through a statistical evaluation of incidence rates. Methods: A systematic review was conducted. For each study, the crude rate ratio was calculated and, when possible, age- and gender-adjusted incidence rate ratios with 95% CI were determined by direct adjustment or using Poisson regression. Results: Thirteen studies were included. Annual crude incidence rates in traumatic SCI varied from 12.1 per million in The Netherlands to 57.8 per million in Portugal. Compared to the Portuguese reference study, incidence rates showed a 3-fold variation, with the highest rates in Canada and Portugal. Most traumatic SCI studies showed a bimodal age distribution. The first peak was found in young adults between 15 and 29 years and a second peak in older adults (mostly ≧65 years). Motor vehicle accidents and falls were the most prevalent causes of injury accounting for nearly equal percentages. In contrast, another age pattern in non-traumatic SCI reflected steadily increasing incidence with advancing age. Conclusions: The results show significant variation in SCI incidence with changing epidemiological patterns. A trend towards increased incidence in the elderly was observed, likely due to falls and non-traumatic injury.

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          Incidence, prevalence and epidemiology of spinal cord injury: what learns a worldwide literature survey?

          M Wyndaele, J-J Wyndaele (2006)
          Literature survey. To provide an overview of the literature data on incidence, prevalence and epidemiology of spinal cord injury (SCI) worldwide and to study their evolution since 1977. University Antwerp. The literature from 1995 onwards was searched on Pubmed. To include evolutionary data, we incorporated the results of three older studies. Two studies gave prevalence of SCI, and 17 incidence of SCI. The published data on prevalence of SCI was insufficient to consider the range of 223-755 per million inhabitants to be representative for a worldwide estimate. Reported incidence of SCI lies between 10.4 and 83 per million inhabitants per year. One-third of patients with SCI are reported to be tetraplegic and 50% of patients with SCI to have a complete lesion. The mean age of patients sustaining their injury at is reported as 33 years old, and the sex distribution (men/women) as 3.8/1. There is a need for improved registration of SCI, and publication of the findings in many parts of the world. This survey pleads for uniformity in methodology. The data show that the reported incidence and prevalence have not changed substantially over the past 30 years. Data from Northern America and Europe show higher figures for incidence, but prevalence figures have remained the same. Epidemiology of SCI seems to have changed during the last decades with a higher percentage of tetraplegia and of complete lesions. If such evolution is present worldwide, how it could eventually be prevented needs to be studied. Not applicable.
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            Epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury in Canada.

            Susanna R. Keller, Gavin G Pickett, Ryan N. Duggal … (2006)
            Retrospective review. To describe the incidence, clinical features, and treatment of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) treated at a Canadian tertiary care center. Understanding the current epidemiology of acute traumatic SCI is essential for public resource allocation and primary prevention. Recent reports suggest that the mean age of patients with SCI may be increasing. We retrospectively reviewed hospital records on all patients with traumatic SCI between January 1997 and June 2001 (n = 151). Variables assessed included age, gender, length of hospitalization, type and mechanism of injury, associated spinal fractures, neurologic deficit, and treatment. Annual age-adjusted incidence rates were 42.4 per million for adults aged 15-64 years, and 51.4 per million for those 65 years and older. Motor vehicle accidents accounted for 35% of SCI. Falls were responsible for 63% of SCI among patients older than 65 years and for 31% of injuries overall. Cervical SCI was most common, particularly in the elderly, and was associated with fracture in only 56% of cases. Thoracic and lumbar SCI were associated with spinal fractures in 100% and 85% of cases, respectively. In-hospital mortality was 8%. Mortality was significantly higher among the elderly. Treatment of thoracic and lumbar fractures associated with SCI was predominantly surgical, whereas cervical fractures were equally likely to be treated with external immobilization alone or with surgery. A large proportion of injuries was seen among older adults, predominantly as a result of falls. Prevention programs should expand their focus to include home safety and avoidance of falls in the elderly.
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              Nontraumatic spinal cord injury: Incidence, epidemiology, and functional outcome

              William O. McKinley, Ronald Seel, Joseph T. Hardman (1999)
              To identify and compare the incidence, demographics, neurologic presentation, and functional outcome of individuals with nontraumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) to individuals with traumatic SCI. A 5-year prospective study. Level I trauma center of a Regional SCI Model System. Two hundred twenty adult SCI admissions. Demographics, etiology, level and completeness of injury, Functional Independent Measure (FIM) scores. Of SCI admissions, 39% were nontraumatic in etiology (spinal stenosis, 54%; tumor, 26%). Compared to subjects with traumatic SCI, those individuals with nontraumatic SCI were significantly (p < .01) older and were more likely married, female, and retired. Injury characteristics revealed significantly more paraplegia and incomplete SCI within the nontraumatic SCI group (p < .01). Both nontraumatic and traumatic SCI individuals had significant FIM changes from rehabilitation admission to discharge (p < .01). Those with tetraplegia-incomplete nontraumatic SCI had significantly higher admission motor FIM scores and shorter rehabilitation length of stay than in the traumatic group (p < .05). Paraplegic-complete and paraplegic-incomplete nontraumatic SCI subjects had lower discharge motor FIM scores, FIM change, and FIM efficiency than those with traumatic SCI. Similar discharge-to-home rates were noted in both nontraumatic and traumatic SCI groups. These data suggest that individuals with nontraumatic SCI represent a significant proportion of SCI rehabilitation admissions and, although differing from those with traumatic SCI in demographic and injury patterns, can achieve similar functional outcomes.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): NED
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Neuroepidemiology
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.0251-5350
                Title: Neuroepidemiology
                Publisher: S. Karger AG
                ISSN (Print): 0251-5350
                ISSN (Electronic): 1423-0208
                Publication date Subscription-year: 2010
                Publication date (Print): April 2010
                Publication date (Electronic): 02 February 2010
                Volume: 34
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 184-192
                Affiliations
                aNational School of Occupational Medicine, Carlos III Institute of Health, bDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, cNational Centre of Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, and dCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
                Article
                Publisher ID: 279335 Other ID: Neuroepidemiology 2010;34:184–192
                DOI: 10.1159/000279335
                PubMed ID: 20130419
                SO-VID: 9f5e9a20-d468-4fbd-a781-858065a6ed49
                Copyright © © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Date received : 23 September 2009
                Date accepted : 23 November 2009
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 2, References: 41, Pages: 9
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Geriatric medicine,Neurology,Cardiovascular Medicine,Neurosciences,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry,Public health
                Keywords: Incidence,Review,Spinal cord injury,Epidemiology
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Geriatric medicine, Neurology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Neurosciences, Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry, Public health
                Keywords: Incidence, Review, Spinal cord injury, Epidemiology

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