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      Influência do entorno familiar e do grupo social no tabagismo entre jovens brasileiros de 15 a 24 anos Translated title: Influence of family environment and social group on smoking among Brazilian youth aged 15 to 24 years

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência do tabagismo em jovens brasileiros, analisando fatores individuais, familiares e do grupo social associados a esse hábito. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados dados de jovens de 15 a 24 anos vivendo em 17 capitais brasileiras e no Distrito Federal, obtidos pelo Inquérito Domiciliar sobre Fatores de Risco para Doenças Crônicas e Morbidade Referida realizado em 2002 e 2003 pelo Instituto Nacional do Câncer. Foram analisadas variáveis individuais (sexo, idade, escolaridade, consumo de álcool, autoavaliação de saúde, prática de atividade física, estar estudando), variáveis da família (idade e escolaridade do chefe da família e fumo do pai, da mãe e dos irmãos) e variáveis do grupo social (fumo do melhor amigo, da maioria dos amigos, ou do namorado). Para avaliar os fatores associados ao tabagismo foi utilizado o método de estimação generalized estimating equations (GEE). RESULTADOS: Considerando o efeito do plano amostral, a prevalência de tabagismo foi de 12,8%, variando de 6,8% em Aracaju a 24,1% em Porto Alegre. Como preditores do tabagismo foram observados o sexo masculino, maior idade, menor escolaridade, não estar estudando no momento da pesquisa, pior percepção de saúde e consumo de álcool. Foram associados ao tabagismo fatores relacionados ao fumo entre os pares (amigos/namorados) e características ligadas ao hábito de fumar entre membros da família (pai/mãe e irmãos). Houve um efeito da coorte de nascimento dos pais no tabagismo do jovem, com maior prevalência de tabagismo entre os jovens cujos pais e mães nasceram na década de 1930. CONCLUSÕES: Características individuais e a influência dos pares e da família mostraram-se relevantes para o fumo do jovem. A intensificação do diálogo entre adolescentes, escola, colegas, amigos e pais poderia gerar uma redução do consumo de substâncias entre os jovens.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of smoking among Brazilian youth, examining individual, family, and social group factors associated with this habit. METHODS: Data from youth aged 15 to 24 years living in 17 Brazilian state capitals and the Federal District, obtained from the Household Survey on Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases and Reported Morbidity carried out in 2002 and 2003 by the National Cancer Institute was analyzed. Individual variables (sex, age, schooling, alcohol consumption, self-rated health, physical activity, current school attendance), family variables (age and education of head of household and father, mother, or sibling smoking), and social group variables (best friend smoking, most friends smoking, boyfriend/girlfriend smoking) were analyzed. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) approach to evaluate the factors associated with smoking were used. RESULTS: Considering the effect of the sampling design, smoking prevalence was 12.8%, ranging from 6.8% in Aracaju to 24.1% in Porto Alegre. The following factors were predictors of smoking: male sex, older age, less schooling, not attending school at the time of the survey, poorer health perception, and alcohol consumption. Peer smoking (friends or boyfriend/girlfriend) and smoking among family members (father/mother or sibling) were associated with smoking. There was an effect of parental birth cohort on smoking, with a higher prevalence of smoking among youth whose parents were born in the 1930s. CONCLUSIONS: Individual characteristics and the influence of peers and family were relevant for smoking by the youth. Increasing the dialogue among teenagers, school, schoolmates, friends, and parents could lead to a reduction of substance use among youth.

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          Most cited references57

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          The world health report 2002 - reducing risks, promoting healthy life.

          J Guilbert (2003)
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            Estimates of global mortality attributable to smoking in 2000.

            Smoking is a risk factor for several diseases and has been increasing in many developing countries. Our aim was to estimate global and regional mortality in 2000 caused by smoking, including an analysis of uncertainty. Following the methods of Peto and colleagues, we used lung-cancer mortality as an indirect marker for accumulated smoking risk. Never-smoker lung-cancer mortality was estimated based on the household use of coal with poor ventilation. Relative risks were taken from the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study, phase II, and the retrospective proportional mortality analysis of Liu and colleagues in China. Relative risks were corrected for confounding and extrapolation to other regions. We estimated that in 2000, 4.83 (uncertainty range 3.94-5.93) million premature deaths in the world were attributable to smoking; 2.41 (1.80-3.15) million in developing countries and 2.43 (2.13-2.78) million in industrialised countries. 3.84 million of these deaths were in men. The leading causes of death from smoking were cardiovascular diseases (1.69 million deaths), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (0.97 million deaths), and lung cancer (0.85 million deaths). Smoking was an important cause of global mortality in 2000. In view of the expected demographic and epidemiological transitions and current smoking patterns in the developing world, the health loss due to smoking will grow even larger unless effective interventions and policies that reduce smoking among men and prevent increases among women in developing countries are implemented.
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              Inquérito domiciliar sobre comportamento de risco e morbidade referida de doenças e agravos não transmissíveis: Brasil, 15 capitais e Distrito Federal, 2002-2003

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rpsp
                Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
                Rev Panam Salud Publica
                Organización Panamericana de la Salud (Washington, Washington, United States )
                1020-4989
                1680-5348
                July 2011
                : 30
                : 1
                : 22-30
                Affiliations
                [01] Belo Horizonte MG orgnameUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais orgdiv1Escola de Enfermagem Brasil
                [02] Belo Horizonte MG orgnameUFMG orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina orgdiv2Grupo de Pesquisa em Epidemiologia e Observatório de Saúde Urbana Brasil
                Article
                S1020-49892011000700004 S1020-4989(11)03000104
                9f6078ea-c3c8-44eb-af95-e3ba05cfe35c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 August 2010
                : 12 January 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Self URI: Texto completo somente em PDF (PT)

                comportamento social,Smoking,características da família,Brasil,Tabagismo,adulto jovem,adolescente,family characteristics,adolescent,Brazil,young adult,social behavior

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