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      Clinical treatment options for early-stage and advanced conjunctival melanoma

      , , , , , ,
      Survey of Ophthalmology
      Elsevier BV

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          Cancer immunoediting: integrating immunity's roles in cancer suppression and promotion.

          Understanding how the immune system affects cancer development and progression has been one of the most challenging questions in immunology. Research over the past two decades has helped explain why the answer to this question has evaded us for so long. We now appreciate that the immune system plays a dual role in cancer: It can not only suppress tumor growth by destroying cancer cells or inhibiting their outgrowth but also promote tumor progression either by selecting for tumor cells that are more fit to survive in an immunocompetent host or by establishing conditions within the tumor microenvironment that facilitate tumor outgrowth. Here, we discuss a unifying conceptual framework called "cancer immunoediting," which integrates the immune system's dual host-protective and tumor-promoting roles.
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            The future of immune checkpoint therapy.

            Immune checkpoint therapy, which targets regulatory pathways in T cells to enhance antitumor immune responses, has led to important clinical advances and provided a new weapon against cancer. This therapy has elicited durable clinical responses and, in a fraction of patients, long-term remissions where patients exhibit no clinical signs of cancer for many years. The way forward for this class of novel agents lies in our ability to understand human immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. This will provide valuable information regarding the dynamic nature of the immune response and regulation of additional pathways that will need to be targeted through combination therapies to provide survival benefit for greater numbers of patients.
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              Cancer immunotherapy: harnessing the immune system to battle cancer.

              The recent clinical successes of immune checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies represent a turning point in cancer immunotherapy. These successes also underscore the importance of understanding basic tumor immunology for successful clinical translation in treating patients with cancer. The Reviews in this Review Series focus on current developments in cancer immunotherapy, highlight recent advances in our understanding of basic aspects of tumor immunology, and suggest how these insights can lead to the development of new immunotherapeutic strategies.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Survey of Ophthalmology
                Survey of Ophthalmology
                Elsevier BV
                00396257
                May 2021
                May 2021
                : 66
                : 3
                : 461-470
                Article
                10.1016/j.survophthal.2020.09.004
                32980421
                9f83f37d-afd0-4bec-a820-ffdff6de8303
                © 2021

                https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

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