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      Resilience and physical activity in people under home isolation due to COVID-19: A preliminary evaluation

      brief-report

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background

          The recent shelter-in-place order issued by the Spanish government (due to the outbreak of the COVID-19) forced the Spanish population to self-isolate at home. The psychological and social effects of this new situation are unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the impact of such scenario on citizens’ resilience, as well as the connections between resilience, physical activity (PA), gender, weight and body mass index (BMI) before and after confinement, and COVID-19-related information.

          Methods

          A total of 1795 people answered an online questionnaire conducted on March 21st , , 2020, seven days after the mandatory shelter-in-place health order was issued.

          Results

          Results showed that individuals who regularly engaged in Vigorous PA during the first week of confinement reported higher resilience in terms of higher locus of control, higher self-efficacy, and higher optimism. Moreover, inter-personal resilience differences were observed based on gender, age groups, BMI, weight, and people living with dependent persons or under health risk conditions.

          Conclusion

          To the best of our knowledge, these findings are the first quantitative evidence pointing towards a link between engagement in Vigorous PA and resilience within the COVID-19 restrictions in Spain. These findings may have important implications for general population during the course of this pandemic, or future ones.

          Highlights

          • •

            For the first time, most Spanish population is under mandatory quarantine.

          • •

            Results showed that individuals who regularly engaged in Vigorous Physical Activity during the first week of confinement reported higher resilience.

          • •

            These findings are the first quantitative evidence pointing towards a link between engagement in Vigorous PA and resilience within the COVID-19 restrictions in Spain.

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          Most cited references28

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          International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity.

          CORA L. CRAIG, ALISON L. MARSHALL, MICHAEL SJ??STR??M … (2003)
          Physical inactivity is a global concern, but diverse physical activity measures in use prevent international comparisons. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was developed as an instrument for cross-national monitoring of physical activity and inactivity. Between 1997 and 1998, an International Consensus Group developed four long and four short forms of the IPAQ instruments (administered by telephone interview or self-administration, with two alternate reference periods, either the "last 7 d" or a "usual week" of recalled physical activity). During 2000, 14 centers from 12 countries collected reliability and/or validity data on at least two of the eight IPAQ instruments. Test-retest repeatability was assessed within the same week. Concurrent (inter-method) validity was assessed at the same administration, and criterion IPAQ validity was assessed against the CSA (now MTI) accelerometer. Spearman's correlation coefficients are reported, based on the total reported physical activity. Overall, the IPAQ questionnaires produced repeatable data (Spearman's rho clustered around 0.8), with comparable data from short and long forms. Criterion validity had a median rho of about 0.30, which was comparable to most other self-report validation studies. The "usual week" and "last 7 d" reference periods performed similarly, and the reliability of telephone administration was similar to the self-administered mode. The IPAQ instruments have acceptable measurement properties, at least as good as other established self-reports. Considering the diverse samples in this study, IPAQ has reasonable measurement properties for monitoring population levels of physical activity among 18- to 65-yr-old adults in diverse settings. The short IPAQ form "last 7 d recall" is recommended for national monitoring and the long form for research requiring more detailed assessment.
          Article 0 comments Cited 3043 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Development of a new resilience scale: the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC).

            Kathryn M Connor, Jonathan Davidson (2003)
            Resilience may be viewed as a measure of stress coping ability and, as such, could be an important target of treatment in anxiety, depression, and stress reactions. We describe a new rating scale to assess resilience. The Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC) comprises of 25 items, each rated on a 5-point scale (0-4), with higher scores reflecting greater resilience. The scale was administered to subjects in the following groups: community sample, primary care outpatients, general psychiatric outpatients, clinical trial of generalized anxiety disorder, and two clinical trials of PTSD. The reliability, validity, and factor analytic structure of the scale were evaluated, and reference scores for study samples were calculated. Sensitivity to treatment effects was examined in subjects from the PTSD clinical trials. The scale demonstrated good psychometric properties and factor analysis yielded five factors. A repeated measures ANOVA showed that an increase in CD-RISC score was associated with greater improvement during treatment. Improvement in CD-RISC score was noted in proportion to overall clinical global improvement, with greatest increase noted in subjects with the highest global improvement and deterioration in CD-RISC score in those with minimal or no global improvement. The CD-RISC has sound psychometric properties and distinguishes between those with greater and lesser resilience. The scale demonstrates that resilience is modifiable and can improve with treatment, with greater improvement corresponding to higher levels of global improvement. Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
            Article 0 comments Cited 2422 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China

              Wenjun Cao, Ziwei Fang, Guoqiang Hou … (2020)
              Highlights • Methods of guiding students to effectively and appropriately regulate their emotions during public health emergencies and avoid losses caused by crisis events have become an urgent problem for colleges and universities. Therefore, we investigated and analyzed the mental health status of college students during the epidemic for the following purposes. (1) To evaluate the mental situation of college students during the epidemic; (2) to provide a theoretical basis for psychological interventions with college students; and (3) to provide a basis for the promulgation of national and governmental policies.
              Article 0 comments Cited 1981 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Ment Health Phys Act
                Title: Mental Health and Physical Activity
                Publisher: Elsevier Ltd.
                ISSN (Print): 1755-2966
                ISSN (Electronic): 1878-0199
                Publication date PMC-release: 2 October 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 2 October 2020
                Electronic Location Identifier: 100361
                Affiliations
                [1]Department of Education Sciences, University of Oviedo, C/ Aniceto Sela, s/n, Oviedo, Spain
                Author notes
                [∗ ]Corresponding author. Department of Education Sciences, University of Oviedo, C/ Aniceto Sela, s/n, Office 211, Oviedo, Spain.
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S1755-2966(20)30045-4 Publisher ID: 100361
                DOI: 10.1016/j.mhpa.2020.100361
                PMC ID: 7530639
                PubMed ID: 33024452
                SO-VID: 9fb90def-af58-415d-8152-e044b0ad9b54
                Copyright © © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
                License:

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                Date received : 17 May 2020
                Date revision received : 29 September 2020
                Date accepted : 30 September 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: confinement,quarantine,coronavirus,vigorous physical activity,psychological effects
                Data availability:
                Keywords: confinement, quarantine, coronavirus, vigorous physical activity, psychological effects

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