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      Intervenção coronária percutânea em idosos: impacto da faixa etária mais avançada (> 80 Anos) no perfil clínico e nos resultados imediatos Translated title: Percutaneous coronary intervention in the elderly: impact of advanced age (> 80 Years) on the clinical profile and immediate results

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          Abstract

          INTRODUÇÃO: Com o aumento da longevidade observado nas últimas décadas, as intervenções coronárias percutâneas (ICPs) em octogenários são cada vez mais indicadas, podendo, no entanto, não apresentar os mesmos resultados de pacientes idosos com idade menos avançada. Este estudo comparou os perfis e os resultados imediatos em pacientes idosos com idade > 80 anos e < 80 anos, procurando respostas para esses questionamentos. MÉTODO: Estudo de coorte, retrospectivo, que envolveu todos os 998 pacientes idosos tratados no triênio 2008-2010, no Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, divididos em dois grupos: grupo A, 192 (19,2%) octogenários; e grupo B, 806 (81,8%) pacientes idosos com idades entre 70 anos e 79 anos. Foram incluídos pacientes apresentando quadros clínico e angiográfico com indicação para ICP, de acordo com as diretrizes vigentes. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes do grupo A apresentaram predomínio significante de insuficiência renal crônica (78,6% vs. 54,8%; P < 0,01) e tenderam a apresentar mais síndromes coronárias agudas (33,3% vs. 26,6%; P = 0,07). As lesões-alvo tipo B2/C também predominaram no grupo A (54,8% vs. 41,2%; P < 0,01), porém, a despeito disso, esses pacientes receberam menos stents farmacológicos (18,1% vs. 31,2%; P < 0,01). Não foi observada diferença na mortalidade (0 vs. 0,2%; P = 0,83) ou na ocorrência de infarto relacionado ao procedimento (5,7% vs. 3,3%; P = 0,18). Não houve necessidade da realização de cirurgia de revascularização de urgência em nenhum paciente. CONCLUSÕES: Os octogenários, que atualmente correspondem a cerca de 20% dos pacientes tratados por ICP, apresentaram maior complexidade clínica e angiográfica, receberam menos stents com liberação de medicamentos e apresentaram resultados hospitalares semelhantes aos dos menos idosos.

          Translated abstract

          BACKGROUND: With the increase in longevity observed in the last decades, percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in octogenarians are increasingly recommended. However, they may not achieve the same results observed for younger elderly individuals. This study compared the profiles and immediate results of elderly patients > 80 and < 80 years of age. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study including 998 elderly patients treated from 2008 to 2010 at the Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, divided into two groups: group A, 192 (19.2%) octogenarians; and group B, 806 (81.8%) individuals with ages ranging from 70 to 79 years. Patients with clinical and angiographic indications for PCI were included according to the current guidelines. RESULTS: Group A patients had a significant prevalence of chronic renal failure (78.6% vs. 54.8%; P < 0.01) and had a trend towards acute coronary syndrome (33.3% vs. 26.6%; P = 0.07). Type B2/C target lesions were also more frequent in group A (54.8% vs. 41.2%; P < 0.01), however, despite of these findings, these patients received less drug-eluting stents (18.1% vs. 31.2%; P < 0.01). There was no difference in mortality (0 vs 0.2%; P = 0.88) or in the rate of procedure-related myocardial infarction (5.7% vs. 3.3%; P = 0.18). Emergency CABG was not required in any of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Octogenarians, who currently account for about 20% of the patients treated by PCI, had higher clinical and angiographic complexity, received less drug-eluting stents and had similar in-hospital results to the younger elderly individuals.

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          O envelhecimento populacional no Brasil

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            Long-term outcome in elderly patients with chronic angina managed invasively versus by optimized medical therapy: four-year follow-up of the randomized Trial of Invasive versus Medical therapy in Elderly patients (TIME).

            There are no prospective trial data on long-term outcomes in 80-year-old patients with chronic angina with regard to antiischemic therapy. To assess long-term survival and quality of life (QoL) in patients from the Trial of Invasive versus Medical Therapy in the Elderly (TIME), all 276 1-year survivors (of a total 301 patients) were contacted after a median of 3.1 years (range, 1.1 to 5.9 years). At baseline, patients were 80+/-4 years old, 42% were women, and they were designated as being in angina class 3.2+/-0.7, despite their taking 2.5+/-0.7 antiischemic drugs. Patients were randomized to an invasive (n=153) or an optimized medical (n=148) strategy. Survival of invasive-strategy versus medical-strategy patients was 91.5% versus 95.9% after 6 months, 89.5% versus 93.9% after 1 year, and 70.6% versus 73.0% after 4.1 years (P=NS). Mortality was independently increased in patients >or=80 years of age, with prior heart failure, ejection fraction or=2 comorbidities, and without revascularization within the first year. Revascularization within the first year improved survival in invasive-strategy (P=0.07) and medical-strategy (P<0.001) patients. The early benefit of both treatments in angina relief and QoL was maintained long term, but freedom from major events remained higher in invasive-strategy versus medical-strategy patients (39% versus 20%, P<0.0001). Long-term survival was similar for patients assigned to invasive and medical treatment. The benefits of both treatments in angina relief and improvement in QoL were maintained, but nonfatal events occurred more frequently in patients assigned to medical treatment. Irrespective of whether patients were catheterized initially or only after drug therapy failure, their survival rates were better if they were revascularized within the first year.
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              Clinical and angiographic predictors of restenosis after stent deployment in diabetic patients.

              Restenosis and consequent adverse cardiac events are increased in diabetics undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Use of intracoronary stents may ameliorate such risks; however, factors influencing the likelihood of restenosis after stent deployment in this high-risk patient subgroup are unknown. We retrospectively analyzed all stented diabetic patients in 16 studies of percutaneous coronary intervention, all of which underwent core angiographic analysis at Cardialysis, Rotterdam. Univariate and multivariate analyses, with 37 clinical and angiographic variables, compared those with and without restenosis and predicted restenosis rates calculated through the use of reference charts derived from angiographic data. Within the studies, 418 of 3090 (14%) stented patients with 6-month angiographic follow-up had diabetes. Restenosis (> or =50% diameter stenosis at follow-up) occurred in 550 of 2672 (20.6%) nondiabetic and 130 of 418 (31.1%) diabetic patients (P<0.001). Univariate predictors of restenosis in diabetics were smaller vessel reference diameter (RD) (P<0.001), smaller minimal luminal diameter before stenting (P=0.01), smaller minimal luminal diameter and percent diameter stenosis after stenting (P<0.001, P=0.04), greater stented length of vessel (P<0.001), and reduced body mass index (BMI) (P=0.04). With the use of multivariate analysis, only smaller RD (P=0.003), greater stented length of vessel (P=0.04), and reduced BMI (P=0.04) were associated with restenosis. Reference charts demonstrated an incremental risk of restenosis that appears solely dependent on vessel RD. Restenosis after stent deployment is significantly increased in diabetic patients. Vessel caliber, stented length of vessel, and lower BMI are predictors of in-stent restenosis in patients with diabetes. Furthermore, vessel caliber affected the predicted risk of restenosis incrementally.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
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                Journal
                rbci
                Revista Brasileira de Cardiologia Invasiva
                Rev. Bras. Cardiol. Invasiva
                Sociedade Brasileira de Hemodinâmica e Cardiologia Intervencionista - SBHCI (São Paulo )
                2179-8397
                December 2011
                : 19
                : 4
                : 400-404
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia Brazil
                Article
                S2179-83972011000400010
                10.1590/S2179-83972011000400010
                9fc3b538-169d-451c-85a0-8053f5de6943

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=2179-8397&lng=en
                Categories
                CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS

                Cardiovascular Medicine
                Angioplasty,Drug-eluting stents,Coronary disease,Aged,Aged, 80 and over,Angioplastia,Stents farmacológicos,Doença das coronárias,Idoso,Idoso de 80 anos ou mais

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