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      Heterogeneidade de Variância na Avaliação Genética de Reprodutores da Raça Pardo-Suíça no Brasil Translated title: Heterogeneity of Variance and Genetic Evaluation of Brown Swiss Cattle Breed in Brazil

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          Abstract

          Informações de 6.842 lactações de 3.274 vacas da raça Pardo-Suíça, filhas de 71 reprodutores, distribuídas em 100 rebanhos, com parições entre 1980 a 1999, foram utilizadas para verificar a existência da heterogeneidade de variância entre rebanhos e o seu impacto na classificação de reprodutores. As produções de leite e gordura, ajustadas para 305 dias e para a idade adulta da vaca, foram utilizadas para classificar os rebanhos em níveis de alta e baixa produção. Utilizando-se um modelo animal que incluiu os efeitos fixos de rebanho, ano-estação e grupo genético do animal, efeitos aleatórios de animal, efeito de ambiente permanente e ambiente temporário, estimaram-se componentes de variância considerando os rebanhos como uma única amostra e assumindo a produção de leite em cada nível de produção como característica diferente. Médias e componentes de variância foram maiores para o nível de alta produção, caracterizando a presença de heterogeneidade de variância entre os rebanhos. As estimativas de herdabilidade foram de 0,38 em ambos os níveis para a produção de leite e 0,39 e 0,32 para os níveis de alta e baixa produção, respectivamente. As correlações genéticas entre os níveis foram 0,85 e 0,79 para as produções de leite e gordura, respectivamente. Na avaliação genética de reprodutores, é importante considerar a variabilidade entre rebanhos, pois, se rebanhos mais variáveis contribuem com a maior parte dos animais, a seleção de reprodutor pelo desempenho de suas filhas, pode ser em função não apenas do seu potencial, mas também do ambiente no qual suas progênies expressam o fenótipo.

          Translated abstract

          Data from 6,842 lactations of 3,274 Brown Swiss cows, daughters of 71 sires, from 100 herds, calving from 1980 to 1999 were used to evaluate the effects of heterogeneity of variance on genetic evaluation of bulls. The milk and fat yields adjusted for 305 days of lactation and mature equivalent age were used to classify the herds among high and low production level. An animal model used to estimate variance component, included the fixed effect of herds, age-season of calving and grade of cows, random effect of animal, permanent environment and temporary environment. Variance components were estimated to milk (fat) yield in booth levels, considering the milk or fat yield in each production level as different trait. Estimates of heritability were .38, .38, .39 and .32 for milk and fat yields in high and low production levels, respectively. Genetic correlations between high and low production levels were .85 and .79 to milk and fat yields, respectively. In genetic evaluation programs , it is important to consider differences in variability among herds, otherwise, under selection, the most variables herds would contribute with the majority of the animals, and the genetic evaluations of the animals could be more a function not only from its genetic potential, but also from its environment where the progenies expressed their traits.

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          Applied multivariate statistical analysis

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            An investigation into heterogeneity of variance for milk and fat yields of Holstein cows in Brazilian herd environments

            Heterogeneity of variance in Brazilian herd environments was studied using first-lactation 305-day mature equivalent (ME) milk and fat records of Holstein cows. Herds were divided into two categories, according to low or high herd-year phenotypic standard deviation for ME milk (HYSD). There were 330 sires with daughter records in both HYSD categories. Components of (co)variance, heritability, and genetic correlations for milk and fat yields were estimated using a sire model from bivariate analyses with a restricted maximum likelihood (REML) derivative-free algorithm. Sire and residual variances for milk yield in low HYSD herds were 79 and 57% of those obtained in high HYSD herd. For fat yield they were 67 and 60%, respectively. Heritabilities for milk and fat yields in low HYSD herds were larger (0.30 and 0.22) than in high HYSD herds (0.23 and 0.20). Genetic correlation between expression in low and high HYSD herds was 0.997 for milk yield and 0.985 for fat yield. Expected correlated response in low HYSD herds based on sires selected on half-sister information from high HYSD was 0.89 kg/kg for milk and 0.80 kg/kg for fat yield. Genetic evaluations in Brazil need to account for heterogeneity of variances to increase the accuracy of evaluations and the selection efficiency for milk and fat yields of Holstein cows. Selection response will be lower in low variance herds than in high variance herds because of reduced differences in daughter response and among breeding values of sires in low HYSD herds. Genetic investments in sire selection to improve production are more likely to be successful in high HYSD herds than in low HYSD Brazilian herds.
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              Efeito da heterogeneidade de variância na avaliação genética de bovinos da raça holandesa no Brasil

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rbz
                Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia
                R. Bras. Zootec.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia (Viçosa )
                1806-9290
                June 2002
                : 31
                : 3 suppl
                : 1343-1349
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Viçosa Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de Viçosa Brazil
                Article
                S1516-35982002000600004
                10.1590/S1516-35982002000600004
                9fce0e50-6908-4e01-99d3-d0f96e236cea

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1516-3598&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE
                VETERINARY SCIENCES

                Animal agriculture,General veterinary medicine
                dairy cattle,genetic evaluation,genetic parameters,milk yield,fat yield,avaliação genética,bovinos leiteiros,parâmetros genéticos,produção de leite,produção de gordura

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