Probing the density dependence of the symmetry potential in intermediate energy heavy ion collisions

Abstract

Based on the ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) model, the effects of the density-dependent symmetry potential for baryons and of the Coulomb potential for produced mesons are investigated for neutron-rich heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies. The calculated results of the \(\Delta^-/\Delta^{++}\) and \(\pi ^{-}/\pi ^{+}\) production ratios show a clear beam-energy dependence on the density-dependent symmetry potential, which is stronger for the \(\pi ^{-}/\pi ^{+}\) ratio close to the pion production threshold. The Coulomb potential of the mesons changes the transverse momentum distribution of the \(\pi ^{-}/\pi ^{+}\) ratio significantly, though it alters only slightly the \(\pi^-\) and \(\pi^+\) total yields. The \(\pi^-\) yields, especially at midrapidity or at low transverse momenta and the \(\pi^-/\pi^+\) ratios at low transverse momenta, are shown to be sensitive probes of the density-dependent symmetry potential in dense nuclear matter. The effect of the density-dependent symmetry potential on the production of both, K\(^0\) and K\(^+\) mesons, is also investigated.