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      Verbal Working Memory in Children With Cochlear Implants

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          Abstract

          <div class="section"> <a class="named-anchor" id="d14011329e169"> <!-- named anchor --> </a> <h5 class="section-title" id="d14011329e170">Purpose</h5> <p id="d14011329e172">Verbal working memory in children with cochlear implants and children with normal hearing was examined. </p> </div><div class="section"> <a class="named-anchor" id="d14011329e174"> <!-- named anchor --> </a> <h5 class="section-title" id="d14011329e175">Participants</h5> <p id="d14011329e177">Ninety-three fourth graders (47 with normal hearing, 46 with cochlear implants) participated, all of whom were in a longitudinal study and had working memory assessed 2 years earlier. </p> </div><div class="section"> <a class="named-anchor" id="d14011329e179"> <!-- named anchor --> </a> <h5 class="section-title" id="d14011329e180">Method</h5> <p id="d14011329e182">A dual-component model of working memory was adopted, and a serial recall task measured storage and processing. Potential predictor variables were phonological awareness, vocabulary knowledge, nonverbal IQ, and several treatment variables. Potential dependent functions were literacy, expressive language, and speech-in-noise recognition. </p> </div><div class="section"> <a class="named-anchor" id="d14011329e184"> <!-- named anchor --> </a> <h5 class="section-title" id="d14011329e185">Results</h5> <p id="d14011329e187">Children with cochlear implants showed deficits in storage and processing, similar in size to those at second grade. Predictors of verbal working memory differed across groups: Phonological awareness explained the most variance in children with normal hearing; vocabulary explained the most variance in children with cochlear implants. Treatment variables explained little of the variance. Where potentially dependent functions were concerned, verbal working memory accounted for little variance once the variance explained by other predictors was removed. </p> </div><div class="section"> <a class="named-anchor" id="d14011329e189"> <!-- named anchor --> </a> <h5 class="section-title" id="d14011329e190">Conclusions</h5> <p id="d14011329e192">The verbal working memory deficits of children with cochlear implants arise due to signal degradation, which limits their abilities to acquire phonological awareness. That hinders their abilities to store items using a phonological code. </p> </div>

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          Most cited references46

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          Development of the Hearing in Noise Test for the measurement of speech reception thresholds in quiet and in noise.

          A large set of sentence materials, chosen for their uniformity in length and representation of natural speech, has been developed for the measurement of sentence speech reception thresholds (sSRTs). The mean-squared level of each digitally recorded sentence was adjusted to equate intelligibility when presented in spectrally matched noise to normal-hearing listeners. These materials were cast into 25 phonemically balanced lists of ten sentences for adaptive measurement of sentence sSRTs. The 95% confidence interval for these measurements is +/- 2.98 dB for sSRTs in quiet and +/- 2.41 dB for sSRTs in noise, as defined by the variability of repeated measures with different lists. Average sSRTs in quiet were 23.91 dB(A). Average sSRTs in 72 dB(A) noise were 69.08 dB(A), or -2.92 dB signal/noise ratio. Low-pass filtering increased sSRTs slightly in quiet and noise as the 4- and 8-kHz octave bands were eliminated. Much larger increases in SRT occurred when the 2-kHz octave band was eliminated, and bandwidth dropped below 2.5 kHz. Reliability was not degraded substantially until bandwidth dropped below 2.5 kHz. The statistical reliability and efficiency of the test suit it to practical applications in which measures of speech intelligibility are required.
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            Exploring the articulatory loop

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              Memory for serial order: A network model of the phonological loop and its timing.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
                J Speech Lang Hear Res
                American Speech Language Hearing Association
                1092-4388
                1558-9102
                November 09 2017
                November 09 2017
                : 60
                : 11
                : 3342-3364
                Affiliations
                [1 ]The University of Florida, Gainesville
                Article
                10.1044/2017_JSLHR-H-16-0474
                5945083
                29075747
                9fe2c3d5-034a-4931-9889-41fd6b921bb6
                © 2017
                History

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