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      Lyme Borreliosis, Po River Valley, Italy

      brief-report

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          Abstract

          We aimed to determine the presence of Ixodes ricinus ticks in heavily populated areas of the Po River Valley after report of a Lyme disease case. Eighteen percent of ticks examined from 3 locations were positive for Lyme disease borreliae. Lyme disease was diagnosed for 3 workers at risk for tick bite.

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          SEAVIEW and PHYLO_WIN: two graphic tools for sequence alignment and molecular phylogeny.

          Mathieu N. Galtier, C Gautier, M Gouy (1996)
          SEAVIEW and PHYLO_WIN are two graphic tools for X Windows-Unix computers dedicated to sequence alignment and molecular phylogenetics. SEAVIEW is a sequence alignment editor allowing manual or automatic alignment through an interface with CLUSTALW program. Alignment of large sequences with extensive length differences is made easier by a dot-plot-based routine. The PHYLO_WIN program allows phylogenetic tree building according to most usual methods (neighbor joining with numerous distance estimates, maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood), and a bootstrap analysis with any of them. Reconstructed trees can be drawn, edited, printed, stored, evaluated according to numerous criteria. Taxonomic species groups and sets of conserved regions can be defined by mouse and stored into sequence files, thus avoiding multiple data files. Both tools are entirely mouse driven. On-line help makes them easy to use. They are freely available by anonymous ftp at biom3.univ-lyon1.fr/pub/ mol_phylogeny or http:@acnuc.univ-lyon1.fr/, or by e-mail to galtier@biomserv.univ-lyon1.fr.
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            Fundamental processes in the evolutionary ecology of Lyme borreliosis.

            Klaus Kurtenbach, Klara Hanincová, Jean I Tsao … (2006)
            The evolutionary ecology of many emerging infectious diseases, particularly vector-borne zoonoses, is poorly understood. Here, we aim to develop a biological, process-based framework for vector-borne zoonoses, using Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), the causative agent of Lyme borreliosis in humans, as an example. We explore the fundamental biological processes that operate in this zoonosis and put forward hypotheses on how extrinsic cues and intrinsic dynamics shape B. burgdorferi s.l. populations. Additionally, we highlight possible epidemiological parallels between B. burgdorferi s.l. and other vector-borne zoonotic pathogens, including West Nile virus.
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              Guidelines for the diagnosis of tick-borne bacterial diseases in Europe.

              P Brouqui, F Bacellar, G Baranton … (2004)
              Ticks are obligate haematophagous acarines that parasitise every class of vertebrate (including man) and have a worldwide distribution. An increasing awareness of tick-borne diseases among clinicians and scientific researchers has led to the recent description of a number of emerging tick-borne bacterial diseases. Since the identification of Borrelia burgdorferi as the agent of Lyme disease in 1982, 11 tick-borne human bacterial pathogens have been described in Europe. Aetiological diagnosis of tick-transmitted diseases is often difficult and relies on specialised laboratories using very specific tools. Interpretation of laboratory data is very important in order to establish the diagnosis. These guidelines aim to help clinicians and microbiologists in diagnosing infection transmitted by tick bites and to provide the scientific and medical community with a better understanding of these infectious diseases.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Emerg Infect Dis
                Journal ID (publisher-id): EID
                Title: Emerging Infectious Diseases
                Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
                ISSN (Print): 1080-6040
                ISSN (Electronic): 1080-6059
                Publication date (Print): August 2010
                Volume: 16
                Issue: 8
                Pages: 1289-1291
                Affiliations
                [1]Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy (D. Pistone, P. Marone, S. Novati)
                [2]Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna, Pavia (M. Pajoro, M. Fabbi, N. Vicari)
                [3]Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy (C. Genchi, D. Sassera, S. Epis, C. Bandi)
                [1 ]These authors contributed equally to this article.
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Claudio Bandi, Università degli Studi di Milano—DIPAV, Sezione di Patologia Generale e Parassitologia, Via Celoria 10 , Milano 20133, Italy; email: claudio.bandi@ 123456unimi.it
                Article
                Publisher ID: 10-0152
                DOI: 10.3201/eid1608.100152
                PMC ID: 3298309
                PubMed ID: 20678327
                SO-VID: 9ffee074-879d-4e2c-b33c-4b149c9818c5
                History
                Categories
                Subject: Dispatch
                Subject: Dispatch

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: suburban areas,bacteria,borrelia afzelii,italy,dispatch,zoonoses,vector-borne infections,borrelia lusitaniae,ticks
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Infectious disease & Microbiology
                Keywords: suburban areas, bacteria, borrelia afzelii, italy, dispatch, zoonoses, vector-borne infections, borrelia lusitaniae, ticks

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