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      Desarrollo del aparato digestivo en pollos Campero INTA alimentados con poroto mucuna (Stizolobium deeringianum)

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          Abstract

          Las leguminosas tropicales se utilizan en los sistemas de producción alternativos para la alimentación de aves. En el presente trabajo se evaluó el efecto de la incorporación de harina de poroto mucuna (Stizolobium deeringianum) en el alimento terminador, sobre el desarrollo del aparato digestivo en pollos Campero INTA. La dieta control se elaboró en base a maíz, soja y una premezcla de vitaminas y minerales; en la dieta de prueba el poroto mucuna reemplazó parcialmente a la harina de soja. El análisis comparativo se realizó mediante ANOVA en un arreglo factorial, operando el sexo y tipo de alimento como efectos principales. No se constataron interacciones significativas entre los distintos niveles de ambos factores para las variables dependientes analizadas. Se constataron diferencias significativas para peso relativo del tracto gastrointestinal con valores de 6,62±0,62 y 7,33±0,59 para las dietas control y mucuna respectivamente. El peso relativo del estómago muscular registró diferencias estadísticas significativas con valores de 2,56±0,45 y 3,06±0,46 para las dietas control y mucuna respectivamente. Se demostraron correlaciones positivas y significativas entre el peso relativo del tracto gastrointestinal y del estómago glandular (r=0,82; 0,01) e intestino delgado (r=0,72; 0,04) en el grupo control. En este grupo experimental el estómago glandular correlacionó en forma positiva y significativa con el peso del intestino delgado (r=0,93; 0,0007). En el grupo alimentado con mucuna se registró una correlación positiva y significativa entre el peso relativo del tracto gastrointestinal y del estómago muscular (r=0,79; 0,02). Se concluye que la incorporación de poroto mucuna produce un incremento en el peso relativo del tracto gastrointestinal. Teniendo en cuenta que dicho poroto podría emplearse en pollos como fuente alternativa de proteínas, se considera necesario profundizar los estudios sobre los métodos de eliminación de sus factores antinutricionales, para una más segura utilización práctica.

          Translated abstract

          Tropical legumes are used in alternative production systems to feed chickens. We evaluate here the effect of the incorporation of mucuna bean meal (Stizolobium deeringianum) in partial replacement of soybeans in the finisher diet on the development of the digestive tract in Campero INTA chickens. The control diet was developed based on corn, soybeans and a vitamin mineral premix; in the test diet bean mucuna partially replaced soybean meal. The comparative analysis was performed using a factorial ANOVA, with sex and type of food as main effects. No significant interactions between different levels of both factors for the dependent variables analyzed were found. Significant differences for the relative weight of the gastrointestinal tract with values of 6.62±0.62 and 7.33±0.59 for the control diets and mucuna respectively were found. The relative weight of the gizzard showed statistically significant differences with values of 2.56±0.45 and 3.06±0.46 for the control diets and mucuna respectively. Significant positive correlations were demonstrated between the relative weight of the gastrointestinal tract and proventriculus (r=0.82; 0.01) and small intestine (r=0.72; 0.04) in the control group. In the experimental group the proventriculus correlated positively and significantly with small intestine weight (r=0.93; 0.0007). In the group fed mucuna a positive and significant correlation between the relative weight of the gastrointestinal tract and gizzard (r=0.79; 0.02) was recorded. We conclude that the incorporation of mucuna beans in the finisher diet of Campero INTA chickens produces an increase in the relative weight of the gastrointestinal tract, difference that is mainly due to the greater weight of the gizzard. Given that the proximal composition allows mucuna bean consider its use as an alternative source of protein for chickens, it is necessary further studies on methods of removing anti-nutritional factors that enable practical use of such raw materials.

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            Genotype evaluation and breeding of poultry for performance under sub-optimal village conditions

            B Besbes (2009)
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              Nutritional and antinutritional characteristics of seven South Indian wild legumes.

              Seeds from seven species of wild legumes of the South India were analyzed for proximate composition, mineral profiles, amino acid profiles of total seed protein, in vitro protein digestibility, and certain antinutritional factors to assess their potential as alternative sources of protein crops. The major findings of the study were as follows: crude protein ranged from 20.3 to 35.0%, crude lipid 3.1-9.6%, crude fiber 5.9-12.1%, ash 2.7-5.1%, and carbohydrates 49.2-61.8%. Minerals viz., sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, copper, zinc, and manganese occurred in the range 42.9-135.9, 556.2-1639.5, 304.5-572.2, 174.9-686.7, 98.4-947.8, 3.6-16.4, 0.2-1.2, 2.0-30.0, and 1.0-3.9 mg/100 g seed flour, respectively. Profiles of amino acids of total seed proteins detected in the present study revealed that levels of valine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, isoleucine, and histidine of all the seven wild legume seed samples, threonine of Canavalia ensiformis and C. gladiata, leucine of Mucuna pruriens var. pruriens, and lysine of Cassia floribunda and C. obtusifolia were found to be higher than FAO/WHO (1991) requirement pattern. The in vitro protein digestibility of the legumes under study ranged from 63.39 to 83.32%. Antinutritional factors such as total free phenolics ranged from 0.41 to 5.96%, tannins from 0.04 to 0.60%, L-DOPA from 1.34 to 8.37% and trypsin inhibitor activity from 13.48 to 65.43 TIU/mg protein. The detected antinutritional factors probably have little nutritional significance if the seeds are properly processed.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                revet
                Revista veterinaria
                Rev. vet.
                Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias (Corrientes, Corrientes, Argentina )
                1669-6840
                June 2016
                : 27
                : 2
                : 107-112
                Affiliations
                [01] Corrientes orgnameUniversidad Nacional del Nordeste orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias orgdiv2Cátedra Producción de Aves Argentina granja@ 123456vet.unne.edu.ar
                Article
                S1669-68402016000200007
                a000b458-8c10-4455-ab53-aa641b81865d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 24 February 2016
                : 12 May 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 19, Pages: 6
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                SciELO Argentina


                pollo,alimentación,poroto mucuna,peso del aparato digestivo,chicken,feeding,mucuna bean,weight of digestive tract

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