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      Dietary polyphenol intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in the Polish arm of the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) study

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          Abstract

          This study aimed to test the association between dietary content of total and individual classes of polyphenols and incident cases of type 2 diabetes in Polish adults participating to the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe study. At baseline, diet by 148-item FFQ and health information were collected from 5806 participants free of diabetes. Self-reported incident type 2 diabetes was ascertained at 2–4-year follow-up visit. OR and 95 % CI of type 2 diabetes comparing the various categories of polyphenol intake to the lowest one (reference category) and as 1 sd increase modelled as continuous variable were calculated by performing age-, energy-, and multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models. During the follow-up, 456 incident cases of type 2 diabetes occurred. When comparing extreme quartiles, intake of total polyphenol was inversely associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes (OR 0·43; 95 % CI 0·30, 0·61); 1 sd increase was associated with a reduced risk of diabetes (OR 0·68; 95 % CI 0·59, 0·79). Among the main classes of polyphenols, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and stilbenes were independent contributors to this association. Both subclasses of phenolic acids were associated with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes, whereas among subclasses of flavonoids, high intake of flavanols, flavanones, flavones and anthocyanins was significantly associated with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes. Total dietary polyphenols and some classes of dietary polyphenols were associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes.

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          Dietary (poly)phenolics in human health: structures, bioavailability, and evidence of protective effects against chronic diseases.

          Daniele Del Rio, Ana Rodriguez-Mateos, Jeremy Spencer … (2013)
          Human intervention trials have provided evidence for protective effects of various (poly)phenol-rich foods against chronic disease, including cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and cancer. While there are considerable data suggesting benefits of (poly)phenol intake, conclusions regarding their preventive potential remain unresolved due to several limitations in existing studies. Bioactivity investigations using cell lines have made an extensive use of both (poly)phenolic aglycones and sugar conjugates, these being the typical forms that exist in planta, at concentrations in the low-μM-to-mM range. However, after ingestion, dietary (poly)phenolics appear in the circulatory system not as the parent compounds, but as phase II metabolites, and their presence in plasma after dietary intake rarely exceeds nM concentrations. Substantial quantities of both the parent compounds and their metabolites pass to the colon where they are degraded by the action of the local microbiota, giving rise principally to small phenolic acid and aromatic catabolites that are absorbed into the circulatory system. This comprehensive review describes the different groups of compounds that have been reported to be involved in human nutrition, their fate in the body as they pass through the gastrointestinal tract and are absorbed into the circulatory system, the evidence of their impact on human chronic diseases, and the possible mechanisms of action through which (poly)phenol metabolites and catabolites may exert these protective actions. It is concluded that better performed in vivo intervention and in vitro mechanistic studies are needed to fully understand how these molecules interact with human physiological and pathological processes.
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            Reproducibility and validity of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire.

            WALTER WILLETT, LAURA SAMPSON, MEIR STAMPFER … (1985)
            The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility and validity of a 61-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire used in a large prospective study among women. This form was administered twice to 173 participants at an interval of approximately one year (1980-1981), and four one-week diet records for each subject were collected during that period. Intraclass correlation coefficients for nutrient intakes estimated by the one-week diet records (range = 0.41 for total vitamin A without supplements to 0.79 for vitamin B6 with supplements) were similar to those computed from the questionnaire (range = 0.49 for total vitamin A without supplements to 0.71 for sucrose), indicating that these methods were generally comparable with respect to reproducibility. With the exception of sucrose and total carbohydrate, nutrient intakes from the diet records tended to correlate more strongly with those computed from the questionnaire after adjustment for total caloric intake. Correlation coefficients between the mean calorie-adjusted intakes from the four one-week diet records and those from the questionnaire completed after the diet records ranged from 0.36 for vitamin A without supplements to 0.75 for vitamin C with supplements. Overall, 48% of subjects in the lowest quintile of calorie-adjusted intake computed from the diet records were also in the lowest questionnaire quintile, and 74% were in the lowest one of two questionnaire quintiles. Similarly, 49% of those in the highest diet record quintile were also in the highest questionnaire quintile, and 77% were in the highest one or two questionnaire quintiles. These data indicate that a simple self-administered dietary questionnaire can provide useful information about individual nutrient intakes over a one-year period.
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              Participation rates in epidemiologic studies.

              Sandro Galea, Melissa Tracy (2007)
              Participation rates for epidemiologic studies have been declining during the past 30 years with even steeper declines in recent years. This wholesale decrease in participation rate, or at the very least the increase in refusal, has, quite understandably, occasioned some concern among epidemiologists who have long considered a high study participation rate as one of the hallmarks of a "good" epidemiologic study. In this review we synthesize the issues that are central to epidemiologic thinking around declining study participation rates. We consider the reasons why study participation has been declining, summarize what we know about who does participate in epidemiologic studies, and discuss the implications of declining participation rates. We conclude with a discussion of methods that may help improve study participation rates.
              Article 0 comments Cited 259 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Br J Nutr
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Br. J. Nutr
                Journal ID (publisher-id): BJN
                Title: The British Journal of Nutrition
                Publisher: Cambridge University Press (Cambridge, UK )
                ISSN (Print): 0007-1145
                ISSN (Electronic): 1475-2662
                Publication date (Print): 14 July 2017
                Volume: 118
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 60-68
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna , Via S. Sofia 85, 95123, Catania, Italy
                [2 ] Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College , 20 Grzegorzecka Street, Krakow 31���531, Poland
                [3 ] Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London , 1–19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK
                Author notes
                [* ] Corresponding author: G. Grosso, fax +39 0953782177, email giuseppe.grosso@ 123456studium.unict.it
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S0007114517001805 Publisher ID: 00180
                DOI: 10.1017/S0007114517001805
                PMC ID: 5565930
                PubMed ID: 28799519
                SO-VID: a02b7597-1daa-4a8e-9999-43360fac26b6
                Copyright © © The Authors 2017
                License:

                This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 13 October 2016
                Date revision received : 30 March 2017
                Date accepted : 03 May 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 5, Pages: 9
                Categories
                Subject: Full Papers
                Subject: Dietary Surveys and Nutritional Epidemiology

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Nutrition & Dietetics
                Keywords: diabetes,polyphenols,flavonoids,phenolic acids,lignans,stilbenes,prospective studies
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Nutrition & Dietetics
                Keywords: diabetes, polyphenols, flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans, stilbenes, prospective studies

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