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      Camélidos de contextos cazadores recolectores de la Puna Seca del Desierto de Atacama (extremo norte de Chile): hacia una comprensión de las interacciones humano-animal Translated title: Camelids from hunter-gatherer contexts of the Dry Puna in the Atacama Desert (Northern Chile): towards understanding human-animal interactions over time

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          Abstract

          Resumen: La Puna Seca en el extremo norte de Chile constituye un espacio de significativa relevancia para abordar la relación humano-animal, al situarse entre dos de los principales focos de domesticación de camélidos en la región andina. En el presente trabajo, ofrecemos una primera síntesis de los análisis arqueozoológicos de catorce sitios de cazadores recolectores de la Precordillera de Arica, junto con los resultados preliminares de análisis de isótopos estables de dos de estos contextos, y un total de 35 dataciones radiocarbónicas asociadas, luego contrastados con los antecedentes de otros estudios de materiales líticos y del arte rupestre de la región. En síntesis, se reconocen cambios en las formas de consumo a lo largo del Arcaico hasta el Período Formativo. Se identifica el uso de animales provenientes de la misma zona o patrón de forrajeo en la Puna, ahondando en un patrón de movilidad "conservador" inserto dentro de las tierras altas. Finalmente, cambios en las formas de interacción humano-camélido visualizados en el arte rupestre complementan la visión obtenida a partir del análisis de material óseo fragmentario, reconociendo la importancia de integrar diferentes registros materiales y visuales para discutir estos temas.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: The Dry Puna in extreme northern Chile lies between the Andean region’s two main camelid domestication centers, a location that makes it particularly important to the study of human-animal relationships. This article presents a first synthesis of the archeozoological analysis of fourteen hunter-gatherer sites in the Andean foothills near Arica (Chile), the preliminary results of stable isotope analyses from two locations, and 35 associated radiocarbon dates. Researchers contrasted this data with other regional studies of lithic materials and rock art paintings. In synthesis, the article recognizes changes in consumption throughout Archean up to the Formative Period. It identifies the use of animals from the same area or with the same foraging pattern in the Puna and explores a “conservative” mobility pattern within the highlands. Finally, the changes in human-camelid interactions portrayed in rock art complement the vision drawn from bone fragment analysis, reflecting the importance of integrating different material and visual registers into discussions of these issues.

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          Taphonomic and ecologic information from bone weathering

          Bones of recent mammals in the Amboseli Basin, southern Kenya, exhibit distinctive weathering characteristics that can be related to the time since death and to the local conditions of temperature, humidity and soil chemistry. A categorization of weathering characteristics into six stages, recognizable on descriptive criteria, provides a basis for investigation of weathering rates and processes. The time necessary to achieve each successive weathering stage has been calibrated using known-age carcasses. Most bones decompose beyond recognition in 10 to 15 yr. Bones of animals under 100 kg and juveniles appear to weather more rapidly than bones of large animals or adults. Small-scale rather than widespread environmental factors seem to have greatest influence on weathering characteristics and rates. Bone weathering is potentially valuable as evidence for the period of time represented in recent or fossil bone assemblages, including those on archeological sites, and may also be an important tool in censusing populations of animals in modern ecosystems.
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            Comparing isotopic niche widths among and within communities: SIBER - Stable Isotope Bayesian Ellipses in R.

            1. The use of stable isotope data to infer characteristics of community structure and niche width of community members has become increasingly common. Although these developments have provided ecologists with new perspectives, their full impact has been hampered by an inability to statistically compare individual communities using descriptive metrics. 2. We solve these issues by reformulating the metrics in a Bayesian framework. This reformulation takes account of uncertainty in the sampled data and naturally incorporates error arising from the sampling process, propagating it through to the derived metrics. 3. Furthermore, we develop novel multivariate ellipse-based metrics as an alternative to the currently employed Convex Hull methods when applied to single community members. We show that unlike Convex Hulls, the ellipses are unbiased with respect to sample size, and their estimation via Bayesian inference allows robust comparison to be made among data sets comprising different sample sizes. 4. These new metrics, which we call SIBER (Stable Isotope Bayesian Ellipses in R), open up more avenues for direct comparison of isotopic niches across communities. The computational code to calculate the new metrics is implemented in the free-to-download package Stable Isotope Analysis for the R statistical environment. © 2011 The Authors. Journal of Animal Ecology © 2011 British Ecological Society.
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              Vertebrate Taphonomy

              R. Lyman (1994)

                Author and article information

                Journal
                eatacam
                Estudios atacameños
                Estud. atacam.
                Universidad Católica del Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo R. P. Gustavo Le Paige (San Pedro de Atacama, , Chile )
                0718-1043
                2022
                : 68
                : 34
                Affiliations
                [5] Paris orgnameUniversité Paris FRANCE Nicolas.GOEPFERT@ 123456cnrs.fr
                [6] Macul orgnameSociedad Chilena de Arqueología CHILE daniosorio8@ 123456gmail.com
                [2] Macul Santiago de Chile orgnamePontificia Universidad Católica de Chile orgdiv1Escuela de Antropología Chile marcelaasre@ 123456gmail.com
                [4] Paris orgnameCNRS orgdiv1Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle FRANCE elise.dufour@ 123456mnhn.fr
                [1] Arica orgnameCorporación Chinchorro Marka CHILE camilapaz.f@ 123456hotmail.com
                [3] Santiago Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad de Chile orgdiv1Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity Chile emgayo@ 123456uc.cl
                Article
                S0718-10432022000100214 S0718-1043(22)06800000214
                10.22199/issn.0718-1043-2022-0036
                a04fa8bc-2511-4dfb-b92a-4939adc7c2e6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 April 2022
                : 14 October 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 135, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                Arqueología

                isótopos estables,precordillera de Arica,movilidad,archaeozoology,mobility,Andean foothills near Arica,stable isotopes,arqueozoología

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