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      Nationwide survey of hepatitis E virus infection among wildlife in Japan

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          Abstract

          In Japan, hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes hepatitis in humans through the consumption of raw or undercooked meat, including game meat. In the present study, nationwide surveillance of HEV infection among a total of 5,557 wild animals, including 15 species, was conducted in Japan. The prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies in wild boar was 12.4%, with higher positive rates in big boars (over 50 kg, 18.4%) than in small individuals (less than 30 kg, 5.3%). Furthermore, HEV RNA was more frequently detected in piglets than in older boars. Interestingly, the detection of HEV among wildlife by ELISA and RT-PCR suggested that HEV infection in Sika deer was a very rare event, and that there was no HEV infection among wild animals except for wild boar, Sika deer and Japanese monkeys. In conclusion, wild boar, especially piglets, are at high risk of HEV infection, while other wild animals showed less risk or no risk of HEV transmission.

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          Most cited references70

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          MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets.

          We present the latest version of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (Mega) software, which contains many sophisticated methods and tools for phylogenomics and phylomedicine. In this major upgrade, Mega has been optimized for use on 64-bit computing systems for analyzing larger datasets. Researchers can now explore and analyze tens of thousands of sequences in Mega The new version also provides an advanced wizard for building timetrees and includes a new functionality to automatically predict gene duplication events in gene family trees. The 64-bit Mega is made available in two interfaces: graphical and command line. The graphical user interface (GUI) is a native Microsoft Windows application that can also be used on Mac OS X. The command line Mega is available as native applications for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. They are intended for use in high-throughput and scripted analysis. Both versions are available from www.megasoftware.net free of charge.
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            EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on hepatitis E virus infection

            Infection with hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, representing an important global health problem. Our understanding of HEV has changed completely over the past decade. Previously, HEV was thought to be limited to certain developing countries. We now know that HEV is endemic in most high-income countries and is largely a zoonotic infection. Given the paradigm shift in our understanding of zoonotic HEV and that locally acquired HEV is now the commonest cause of acute viral hepatitis in many European countries, the focus of these Clinical Practice Guidelines will be on HEV genotype 3 (and 4).
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              Hepatitis E virus and chronic hepatitis in organ-transplant recipients.

              Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is considered an agent responsible for acute hepatitis that does not progress to chronic hepatitis. We identified 14 cases of acute HEV infection in three patients receiving liver transplants, nine receiving kidney transplants, and two receiving kidney and pancreas transplants. All patients were positive for serum HEV RNA. Chronic hepatitis developed in eight patients, as confirmed by persistently elevated aminotransferase levels, serum HEV RNA, and histologic features of chronic hepatitis. The time from transplantation to diagnosis was significantly shorter and the total counts of lymphocytes and of CD2, CD3, and CD4 T cells were significantly lower in patients in whom chronic disease developed. Copyright 2008 Massachusetts Medical Society.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Vet Med Sci
                J Vet Med Sci
                JVMS
                The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
                The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science
                0916-7250
                1347-7439
                07 June 2022
                July 2022
                : 84
                : 7
                : 992-1000
                Affiliations
                [1) ]Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
                [2) ]Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
                [3) ]Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ehime, Japan
                [4) ]Hikiiwa Park Center, Wakayama, Japan
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence to: Maeda, K.: kmaeda@ 123456niid.go.jp , Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
                Article
                22-0237
                10.1292/jvms.22-0237
                9353082
                35675975
                a069b4fb-4ab1-4efa-8847-4de0244e073e
                ©2022 The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) License. (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

                History
                : 13 May 2022
                : 23 May 2022
                Categories
                Virology
                Full Paper

                hepatitis e virus,seroprevalence,sika deer,wild animal,wild boar

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