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      Long nocturnal dialysis: A single-centre experience Translated title: Diálise longa noturna: Experiência de um centro

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          Abstract

          The institution of intensified dialysis regimens (as long treatment time, with reduced ultrafiltration per hour) has been associated with decreased morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease. The performance of the haemodialysis session during the night interval emerged as logical, since it is an “idle” period, and has been associated with better small molecule dialysis, better blood pressure control, reduced medication requirements and improved quality of life. Recently, our centre initiated a long nocturnal dialysis programme and a prospective observational analysis was designed to evaluate the results of this approach. Mean values of clinical and laboratory variables were compared in 2 consecutive semesters: prior and after transition from haemodiafiltration to long nocturnal dialysis. After 6 months of switching, there was an increase in dialysis efficiency (reduction in pre-dialysis urea (129.74 ± 28.7 vs. 114.53 ± 23.94 mg/dl, p = 0.01) and an increase in Kt/V (1.75 ± 0.37 vs. 2.09 ± 0.39, p = 0.005)), improved hyperphosphatemia control (5.05 ± 0.9 vs. 4.23 ± 0.93 mg/dl; p = 0.01) and anaemia control, with a significant reduction in the use of darbepoetin alfa (38.5 ± 24.18 vs. 30.83 ± 22.54 μg/week; p = 0.04) and of intravenous iron (189.33 ± 117 vs. 116 ± 67 mg/month; p = 0.04) and a much better correction of overhydration (evaluated by the “BCM-Body composition monitor”: 10.2% ± 8.63 vs. 4.6% ± 7.2; p = 0.01), reflecting the patients’ overall better nutritional status. These excellent results were amplified by the patients’ perception of improvement in their quality of life. Our findings are consistent with the studies that favour long nocturnal dialysis over conventional regimens, but randomized controlled trials are needed to validate these findings.

          Translated abstract

          Os esquemas de diálise longa, com taxas de ultrafiltração/hora mais baixas, têm sido associados a menor mortalidade, na maioria dos estudos. Neste contexto, a diálise longa noturna surgiu como uma modalidade de diálise alternativa e atrativa. A diálise longa noturna tem sido associada a maior eficácia dialítica, melhor controlo tensional, com diminuição das necessidades medicamentosas e melhor qualidade de vida. O nosso centro iniciou recentemente um programa de diálise longa noturna cujos resultados nos propusemos analisar num estudo prospetivo e observacional. Com este objectivo, avaliámos a evolução de variáveis clínicas e analíticas em 2 semestres consecutivos, antes e após a transição de hemodiafiltração para diálise longa noturna. Seis meses após a transição, verificámos uma melhoria da eficiência dialítica (redução de ureia pré-diálise (129.74 ± 28.7 vs. 114.53±23.94 mg/dl, p=0.01) e subida de Kt/V (1.75 vs. 2.09 ± 0.39, p= 0.005)), do controlo da hiperfosfatemia (5.05 ± 0.9 vs. 4.23 ± 0.93 mg/dl; p = 0.01) e da anemia, com significativa redução do consumo de darbepoetina alfa (38.5 ± 24.18 vs. 30.83 ± 22.54 μg/semana; p = 0.04) e de ferro endovenoso (189.33 ± 117 vs. 116 ± 67 mg/mês; p = 0.04), bem como uma excelente correção do estado de híper-hidratação (avaliado pelo monitor de “BCM-Body composition monitor”: 10.2% ± 8.63 vs. 4.6% ± 7.2; p = 0.01), reflexo do melhor estado nutricional dos doentes. A estes benefícios acresceuse a perceção de melhoria da qualidade de vida dos doentes. O nosso estudo vem juntar-se à lista de trabalhos cujos resultados favorecem a diálise longa noturna em relação à hemodiálise convencional, mas são necessários estudos randomizados para validar estes resultados.

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          Effect of frequent nocturnal hemodialysis vs conventional hemodialysis on left ventricular mass and quality of life: a randomized controlled trial.

          Morbidity and mortality rates in hemodialysis patients remain excessive. Alterations in the delivery of dialysis may lead to improved patient outcomes. To compare the effects of frequent nocturnal hemodialysis vs conventional hemodialysis on change in left ventricular mass and health-related quality of life over 6 months. A 2-group, parallel, randomized controlled trial conducted at 2 Canadian university centers between August 2004 and December 2006. A total of 52 patients undergoing hemodialysis were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive nocturnal hemodialysis 6 times weekly or conventional hemodialysis 3 times weekly. The primary outcome was change in left ventricular mass, as measured by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. The secondary outcomes were patient-reported quality of life, blood pressure, mineral metabolism, and use of medications. Frequent nocturnal hemodialysis significantly improved the primary outcome (mean left ventricular mass difference between groups, 15.3 g, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0 to 29.6 g; P = .04). Frequent nocturnal hemodialysis did not significantly improve quality of life (difference of change in EuroQol 5-D index from baseline, 0.05; 95% CI, -0.07 to 0.17; P = .43). However, frequent nocturnal hemodialysis was associated with clinically and statistically significant improvements in selected kidney-specific domains of quality of life (P = .01 for effects of kidney disease and P = .02 for burden of kidney disease). Frequent nocturnal hemodialysis was also associated with improvements in systolic blood pressure (P = .01 after adjustment) and mineral metabolism, including a reduction in or discontinuation of antihypertensive medications (16/26 patients in the nocturnal hemodialysis group vs 3/25 patients in the conventional hemodialysis group; P < .001) and oral phosphate binders (19/26 patients in the nocturnal hemodialysis group vs 3/25 patients in the conventional dialysis group; P < .001). No benefit in anemia management was seen with nocturnal hemodialysis. This preliminary study revealed that, compared with conventional hemodialysis (3 times weekly), frequent nocturnal hemodialysis improved left ventricular mass, reduced the need for blood pressure medications, improved some measures of mineral metabolism, and improved selected measures of quality of life. isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN25858715.
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            Longer treatment time and slower ultrafiltration in hemodialysis: associations with reduced mortality in the DOPPS.

            Longer treatment time (TT) and slower ultrafiltration rate (UFR) are considered advantageous for hemodialysis (HD) patients. The study included 22,000 HD patients from seven countries in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS). Logistic regression was used to study predictors of TT > 240 min and UFR > 10 ml/h/kg bodyweight. Cox regression was used for survival analyses. Statistical adjustments were made for patient demographics, comorbidities, dose of dialysis (Kt/V), and body size. Europe and Japan had significantly longer (P 240 min was independently associated with significantly lower relative risk (RR) of mortality (RR = 0.81; P = 0.0005). Every 30 min longer on HD was associated with a 7% lower RR of mortality (RR = 0.93; P 10 ml/h/kg was associated with higher odds of intradialytic hypotension (odds ratio = 1.30; P = 0.045) and a higher risk of mortality (RR = 1.09; P = 0.02). Longer TT and higher Kt/V were independently as well as synergistically associated with lower mortality. Rapid UFR during HD was also associated with higher mortality risk. These results warrant a randomized clinical trial of longer dialysis sessions in thrice-weekly HD.
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              A systematic review of the prevalence and determinants of nonadherence to phosphate binding medication in patients with end-stage renal disease

              Background Cardiovascular events are the leading cause of death in end stage renal disease (ESRD). Adherence to phosphate binding medication plays a vital role in reducing serum phosphorus and associated cardiovascular risk. This poses a challenge for patients as the regimen is often complex and there may be no noticeable impact of adherence on symptoms. There is a need to establish the level of nonadherence to phosphate binding medication in renal dialysis patients and identify the factors associated with it. Methods The online databases PsycINFO, Medline, Embase and CINAHL were searched for quantitative studies exploring predictors of nonadherence to phosphate binding medication in ESRD. Rates and predictors of nonadherence were extracted from the papers. Results Thirty four studies met the inclusion criteria. There was wide variation in reported rates of non-adherence (22–74% patients nonadherent, mean 51%). This can be partially attributed to differences in the way adherence has been defined and measured. Demographic and clinical predictors of nonadherence were most frequently assessed but only younger age was consistently associated with nonadherence. In contrast psychosocial variables (e.g. patients' beliefs about medication, social support, personality characteristics) were less frequently assessed but were more likely to be associated with nonadherence. Conclusion Nonadherence to phosphate binding medication appears to be prevalent in ESRD. Several potentially modifiable psychosocial factors were identified as predictors of nonadherence. There is a need for further, high-quality research to explore these factors in more detail, with the aim of informing the design of an intervention to facilitate adherence.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
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                Journal
                nep
                Portuguese Journal of Nephrology & Hypertension
                Port J Nephrol Hypert
                Sociedade Portuguesa de Nefrologia (Lisboa )
                0872-0169
                December 2014
                : 28
                : 4
                : 292-299
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Nephrocare Vila Franca de Xira Portugal
                [2 ] NIDAN - Núcleo de Investigação e Desenvolvimento na Área Nefrológica
                [3 ] Universidade Nova de Lisboa Portugal
                Article
                S0872-01692014000400004
                a0793ba8-ecfc-47c0-8a26-5a33a31a1b32

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Portugal

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.mec.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0872-0169&lng=en
                Categories
                UROLOGY & NEPHROLOGY

                Urology
                Anaemia,blood pressure,mineral and bone disease,nocturnal dialysis,outcome,quality of life,Anemia,diálise nocturna,doença óssea,pressão arterial,qualidade de vida,resultados

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