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      Búsqueda de Tuberculosis en Pacientes Sintomáticos Respiratorios en Cuatro Hospitales de Bogotá D.C. Translated title: Search for Tuberculosis in patients with the respiratory symptoms in four hospitals of Bogotá D.C.

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          Abstract

          Objetivo Identificar individuos sintomáticos respiratorios que acuden a diferentes servicios médicos en hospitales de tercer nivel de Bogotá D.C. para el diagnóstico temprano de la Tuberculosis. Materiales y métodos Se realizó búsqueda activa de sintomáticos respiratorios a través de actividades de promoción y prevención utilizando un formulario para obtención de datos socio demográficos y clínicos. Se investigaron 566 muestras de esputo de 354 individuos sintomáticos respiratorios en cuatro hospitales de Bogotá D.C. Se detecto por baciloscopia y cultivo pacientes con tuberculosis. Resultados La distribución por género fue de 39 % masculino y 61 % femenino, con un promedio de 57,4 años. El 48,5 % tenían síntomas respiratorios mayor a dos meses, 53,3 % presentaban cicatriz BCG, 50 % pertenecía al estrato 2 y 72,8 % alcanzaba un nivel educativo igual o menor a primaria básica. El porcentaje de captación por baciloscopia fue de 3,67 % y de baciloscopia y/o cultivo fue del 4,2 %. Se encontraron 11 casos de Mycobacterium tuberculosis y 2 casos de micobacterias no tuberculosas. La mayoría de pacientes con tuberculosis perteneció al género masculino, presentaban síntomas de tos y expectoración mayor a dos meses y el 54,5 % tenían vacunación BCG Conclusiones La búsqueda activa de sintomáticos respiratorios detecta casos de pacientes bacilíferos, fuente de contaminación entre la población, facilita el inicio de la terapia antituberculosa aplicando la estrategia DOTS. El éxito en el control de la tuberculosis depende de políticas gubernamentales que sigan las recomendaciones de la OMS.

          Translated abstract

          Objective To identify individuals with the respiratory symptoms who receive different medical services in third level hospitals of Bogotá D.C. for early diagnosis of Tuberculosis. Materials and methods An active search for individuals with Tuberculosis respiratory symptoms through promotion and prevention activities was realized utilizing a format for obtaining social, demographic and clinical data. 566 samples of sputum from 354 individuals with respiratory symptoms were investigated in four Bogota hospitals. By means of positive smear and bacillus culture the tuberculosis patients were detected. Results The gender distribution was 39 % male and 61 % female, with an average age of 57,4 years. 48,5 % had respiratory symptoms for more than two months, 53,3 % presented BCG scar, 50 % belonged to socioeconomic level 2 and 72,8 % had an education level equal to or less than basic elementary school. The percentage detected by positive smear was of 3,67 % and by positive smear and/or culture was of 4,2 %. 11 cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 2 cases of non tuberculosis mycobacterium were found. The majority of patients with tuberculosis belonged to the masculine gender, presented coughing symptoms and expectoration greater than two months and 54,5 % had BCG vaccination. Conclusions The active search patients with the respiratory symptoms detected cases of patients with positive smear, a source of contamination among the population, which facilitates the anti-tuberculosis therapy applying the DOTS strategy. The success of tuberculosis control will depend on government policies that follow the OMS recommendations.

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          Rapid identification of mycobacteria to the species level by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme analysis.

          A method for the rapid identification of mycobacteria to the species level was developed on the basis of evaluation by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the gene encoding for the 65-kDa protein. The method involves restriction enzyme analysis of PCR products obtained with primers common to all mycobacteria. Using two restriction enzymes, BstEII and HaeIII, medically relevant and other frequent laboratory isolates were differentiated to the species or subspecies level by PCR-restriction enzyme pattern analysis. PCR-restriction enzyme pattern analysis was performed on isolates (n = 330) from solid and fluid culture media, including BACTEC, or from frozen and lyophilized stocks. The procedure does not involve hybridization steps or the use of radioactivity and can be completed within 1 working day.
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            Diagnostic Standards and Classification of Tuberculosis in Adults and Children

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              Frequency of tuberculous and non-tuberculous mycobacteria in HIV infected patients from Bogota, Colombia

              Background The prevalence of infections by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculous Mycobacterium species in the HIV-infected patient population in Colombia was uncertain despite some pilot studies. We determined the frequency of isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and of non-tuberculous Mycobacterium species in diverse body fluids of HIV-infected patients in Bogota, Colombia. Methods Patients who attended the three major HIV/AIDS healthcare centres in Bogota were prospectively studied over a six month period. A total of 286 patients were enrolled, 20% of them were hospitalized at some point during the study. Sixty four percent (64%) were classified as stage C, 25% as stage B, and 11% as stage A (CDC staging system, 1993). A total of 1,622 clinical samples (mostly paired samples of blood, sputum, stool, and urine) were processed for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) stain and culture. Results Overall 43 of 1,622 cultures (2.6%) were positive for mycobacteria. Twenty-two sputum samples were positive. Four patients were diagnosed with M. tuberculosis (1.4%). All isolates of M. tuberculosis were sensitive to common anti-tuberculous drugs. M. avium was isolated in thirteen patients (4.5%), but only in three of them the cultures originated from blood. The other isolates were obtained from stool, urine or sputum samples. In three cases, direct AFB smears of blood were positive. Two patients presented simultaneously with M. tuberculosis and M. avium. Conclusions Non-tuberculous Mycobacterium infections are frequent in HIV infected patients in Bogota. The diagnostic sensitivity for infection with tuberculous and non-tuberculous mycobacteria can be increased when diverse body fluids are processed from each patient.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rsap
                Revista de Salud Pública
                Rev. salud pública
                Instituto de Salud Publica, Facultad de Medicina - Universidad Nacional de Colombia (Bogotá, DF, Colombia )
                0124-0064
                July 2007
                : 9
                : 3
                : 408-419
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina
                [02] orgnameUniversidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca
                Article
                S0124-00642007000300009 S0124-0064(07)00900309
                a07ab40f-f626-4081-bbbb-7fe1c2ba8f8c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 12
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                SciELO Public Health

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                Artículos/Investigación

                Bogotá,hospitales,Tuberculosis,symptoms,hospitals
                Bogotá, hospitales, Tuberculosis, symptoms, hospitals

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