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      Variabilidad genética del gato doméstico (Felis catus) en Magangué, Bolívar, Colombia

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          Abstract

          El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la variabilidad genética de las poblaciones de gatos domésticos (Felis catus) utilizando genes que codifican la coloración, el diseño y longitud del pelaje en Magangué, Bolívar, Colombia. Un total de 297 gatos fueron fenotipados mediante observaciones directas realizados en recorridos por las zonas urbanas en Magangué, atendiendo a los marcadores fenotípicos: Orange, Agouti, Tabby, Dilution, Long hair, Spotting white y Dominant white. Se calcularon los parámetros genéticos poblacionales: frecuencia alélica, diversidad genética, flujo génico, equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg y distancia genética y se infirieron las relaciones filogenéticas entre las poblaciones de gatos. Se encontró que el marcador Non-agouti fue el de mayor frecuencia, mientras los genes Tabby blotched y Dominant white presentaron los valores más bajos. La mayor parte de la diversidad genética se encontró dentro de poblaciones y poca entre poblaciones, así como un elevado flujo génico. Se observó un exceso de heterocigotos a nivel poblacional y no hubo equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg. Las poblaciones se encuentran muy relacionadas genéticamente; además se evidenció una posible selección natural y artificial de los marcadores Non-agouti y Spotting white.

          Translated abstract

          The aim of this study was to determine the genetic variability of populations of domestic cats (Felis catus) using genes that encode color, design and length of pelage in Magangué, Bolivar, Colombia. A total of 297 cats were phenotyped by direct observations made on tours through urban areas in Magangué, providing the phenotypic markers: Orange, Agouti, Tabby, Dilution, Long hair, Spotting white y Dominant white. Population genetic parameters were calculated: allele frequencies, genetic diversity, gene flow, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and genetic distance and phylogenetic relationships among cat populations were inferred. The non-agouti marker was the most frequent, while Tabby blotched and Dominant white gene had the lowest values. Most ofthegeneticdiversitywasfound within populationsand lowamongpopulations as well as high gene flow. An excess of heterozygotes was observed at the population level and there was no Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The populations are highly genetically related and was evidenced a possible natural and artificial selection of the Non-agouti and Spotting white markers.

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          Most cited references28

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          Gene flow and the geographic structure of natural populations.

          M Slatkin (1987)
          There is abundant geographic variation in both morphology and gene frequency in most species. The extent of geographic variation results from a balance of forces tending to produce local genetic differentiation and forces tending to produce genetic homogeneity. Mutation, genetic drift due to finite population size, and natural selection favoring adaptations to local environmental conditions will all lead to the genetic differentiation of local populations, and the movement of gametes, individuals, and even entire populations--collectively called gene flow--will oppose that differentiation. Gene flow may either constrain evolution by preventing adaptation to local conditions or promote evolution by spreading new genes and combinations of genes throughout a species' range. Several methods are available for estimating the amount of gene flow. Direct methods monitor ongoing gene flow, and indirect methods use spatial distributions of gene frequencies to infer past gene flow. Applications of these methods show that species differ widely in the gene flow that they experience. Of particular interest are those species for which direct methods indicate little current gene flow but indirect methods indicate much higher levels of gene flow in the recent past. Such species probably have undergone large-scale demographic changes relatively frequently.
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            Animal models to study environmental epigenetics.

            Epigenetics provides a means of understanding how environmental factors might alter heritable changes in gene expression without changing DNA sequence, and hence the origin, of some diseases that are not explained by conventional genetic mechanisms. Various animal models have been described, most notably the agouti viable yellow (A(vy)) and axin 1 fused (Axin1(Fu)) mice, which lend themselves particularly well to studying this link between epigenetics and development abnormalities, because particular changes in DNA methylation patterns can be linked to a broad spectrum of heritable pathologies in the mice. In addition, there are specific examples, both in mice and other animal species, where nonmutagenic, environmental insults to either parent, such as those caused by consumption of endocrine-disrupting chemicals, can cause unexpected transgenerational phenotypic changes in offspring. Animals derived by somatic cell nuclear transfer also frequently exhibit pathologies that can be linked to inappropriate nuclear reprogramming during early embryo development and provide another means to study a link between epigenetics and disease. This review will consider how all of these animal models might help elucidate the epigenetic basis for a wide range of phenotypes.
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              Cats and Commerce

              Neil Todd (1977)
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rivep
                Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú
                Rev. investig. vet. Perú
                Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria
                1609-9117
                April 2016
                : 27
                : 2
                : 277-287
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad de Córdoba Colombia
                Article
                S1609-91172016000200009
                10.15381/rivep.v27i2.11661
                a07b8dff-7163-4f26-b4bf-c1e166b75d3b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                Categories
                AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE
                AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
                ENTOMOLOGY
                ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
                ORNITHOLOGY
                VETERINARY SCIENCES
                ZOOLOGY

                Entomology,Animal agriculture,General agriculture,General veterinary medicine,Animal science & Zoology,Ornithology,General environmental science
                Felis catus,marcadores fenotípicos,diversidad,heterocigosidad,Magangué,phenotypic markers,diversity,heterozygosity

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