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      Supporting adults bereaved through COVID-19: a rapid review of the impact of previous pandemics on grief and bereavement

      brief-report
      , Dr, MBChB, FRCP, MD 1 , 2 , , , Dr, BA, MSc, PhD 3 , , BSc (Hons), RGN, PhD 3 , , BA (Hons), RN, Dip N, PhD, C Psychol 3
      Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
      Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine
      COVID-19, coronavirus, pandemic, bereavement, grief, mourning, review

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          Abstract

          The global COVID-19 pandemic is likely to have a major impact on the experience of death, dying and bereavement. This study aimed to review and synthesise learning from previous literature focused on the impact on grief and bereavement during other infectious disease outbreaks. We conducted a rapid scoping review according to the principles of the Joanna Briggs Institute and analysed qualitative data using thematic synthesis. From the 218 identified papers, 6 were included in the analysis. They were four qualitative studies, one observational study and a systematic review. Studies were conducted in West Africa, Haiti and Singapore. No research studies have focused on outcomes and support for bereaved people during a pandemic. Studies have tended to focus on survivors i.e. those who had the illness and recovered, recognising that some of these individuals will also be bereaved people. Previous pandemics appear to cause multiple losses both directly related to death itself but also in terms of disruption to social norms, rituals and mourning practices. This affects the ability for an individual to connect with the deceased both before and after the death, potentially increasing the risk of complicated grief. In view of the limited research, specific learning from the current COVID-19 crisis and the impact on the bereaved would be pertinent. Current focus should include innovative ways to promote connection and adapt rituals while maintaining respect. Strong leadership and coordination between different bereavement organisations is essential to providing successful post-bereavement support.

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          Most cited references10

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          The role and response of palliative care and hospice services in epidemics and pandemics: a rapid review to inform practice during the COVID-19 pandemic

          Cases of COVID-19 are escalating rapidly across the globe, with the mortality risk being especially high among those with existing illness and multimorbidity. This study aimed to synthesise evidence for the role and response of palliative care and hospice teams to viral epi/pandemics, to inform the COVID-19 pandemic response. We conducted a rapid systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines in five databases. Of 3094 papers identified, ten were included in this narrative synthesis. Included studies were from West Africa, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, the United States and Italy. All had an observational design. Findings were synthesised using a previously proposed framework according to ‘systems’ (policies, training and protocols, communication and coordination, data), ‘staff’ (deployment, skill mix, resilience), ‘space’ (community provision, use of technology) and ‘stuff’ (medicines and equipment, personal protective equipment). We conclude that hospice and palliative services have an essential role in the response to COVID-19 by: 1) responding rapidly and flexibly; 2) ensuring protocols for symptom management are available, and training non-specialists in their use; 3) being involved in triage; 4) considering shifting resources into the community; 5) considering redeploying volunteers to provide psychosocial and bereavement care; 6) facilitating camaraderie among staff and adopt measures to deal with stress; 7) using technology to communicate with patients and carers; 8) adopting standardised data collection systems to inform operational changes and improve care.
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            Post‐Ebola psychosocial experiences and coping mechanisms among Ebola survivors: a systematic review

            A myriad of physical and psychosocial sequelae have been reported among Ebola survivors from previous Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks, including the most recent in West Africa. This review examines the various forms of psychological distress experienced by EVD survivors, family and community reactions to EVD survivors and EVD survivors' coping mechanisms.
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              Report on bereavement and grief research.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Professor
                Role: Professor
                Journal
                J Pain Symptom Manage
                J Pain Symptom Manage
                Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
                Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine
                0885-3924
                1873-6513
                15 May 2020
                15 May 2020
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, UK
                [2 ]Palliative Care Institute, University of Liverpool, UK
                [3 ]International Observatory on End of Life Care, University of Lancaster, UK
                Author notes
                []Corresponding author: Dr Catriona Mayland, MBChB, FRCPS, MD, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Broomcross Building, Western Park Hospital, Whitham Road, Sheffield, S10 2SJ, ; Phone: 0114 2265221 C.R.Mayland@ 123456sheffield.ac.uk
                Article
                S0885-3924(20)30388-2
                10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.05.012
                7228694
                32416233
                a0808eac-d1ed-4a1e-aefc-137b16a9c131
                © 2020 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine.

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                : 4 May 2020
                : 5 May 2020
                : 7 May 2020
                Categories
                Article

                covid-19,coronavirus,pandemic,bereavement,grief,mourning,review
                covid-19, coronavirus, pandemic, bereavement, grief, mourning, review

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