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      The Role of Double-balloon Enteroscopy in the Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Metastatic Small Bowel Tumors

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          Abstract

          Objective

          The aim of the present study is to investigate the role of double-balloon enteroscopy in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of metastatic small bowel tumors.

          Patients

          We retrospectively reviewed the records of 13 patients with metastatic small bowel tumors among 376 patients who underwent double-balloon enteroscopy from June 2005 to March 2017 in our hospital.

          Results

          The primary lesion sites were the lung (n=9), kidney (n=2), stomach (n=1) and duodenum (n=1). The clinical presentations were anemia requiring blood transfusion (n=10), obstructive symptoms (n=2), and no symptoms (n=1). The locations of the metastatic small bowel tumors were the jejunum (n=7), ileum (n=1), and both sites (n=5). The histological diagnosis of the metastatic tumor was made from biopsy specimens taken with double-balloon enteroscopy from all 11 patients whose condition permitted a biopsy. In seven patients, the findings on double-balloon endoscopy were determinants of the kind and extent of surgical treatment performed. Four patients had multiple metastatic small bowel tumors, and all were able to be removed surgically with guidance from preoperative tattooing at double-balloon endoscopy. After operation, blood transfusions were no longer needed in four of six patients who had required preoperative transfusions for the treatment of anemia, and one patient with intestinal obstructive symptoms was able to resume oral intake.

          Conclusion

          Double-balloon endoscopy was useful for making a histological diagnosis and directing surgical treatment in patients with metastatic small bowel tumors. Surgical treatment afforded palliation of symptoms in five patients.

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          Most cited references10

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          Indications, detectability, positive findings, total enteroscopy, and complications of diagnostic double-balloon endoscopy: a systematic review of data over the first decade of use.

          Double-balloon endoscopy (DBE) has been used in clinical practice for nearly 10 years. To systematically collect and produce pooled data on indications, detection rate, total enteroscopy, complications, and the composition of positive findings in diagnostic DBE. A systematic review. We searched PubMed between January 1, 2001 and March 31, 2010 for original articles about DBE evaluation of small-bowel diseases. Data on total number of procedures, distribution of indications, pooled detection rate, pooled total enteroscopy rate, and composition of positive findings were extracted and/or calculated. In addition, the data involving DBE-associated complications were analyzed. A total of 66 English-language original articles involving 12,823 procedures were included. Suspected mid-GI bleeding (MGIB) was the most common indication (62.5%), followed by symptoms/signs only (7.9%), small-bowel obstruction (5.8%), and Crohn's disease (5.8%). The pooled detection rates were 68.1%, 68.0%, 53.6%, 63.4%, and 85.8% for overall, suspected MGIB, symptoms/signs only, Crohn's disease, and small-bowel obstruction, respectively. Inflammatory lesions (37.6%) and vascular lesions (65.9%) were the most common findings, respectively, in suspected MGIB patients of Eastern and Western countries. The pooled total enteroscopy rate was 44.0% by combined or antegrade-only approach. The pooled minor and major complication rates were 9.1% and 0.72%, respectively. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were loosely defined. The detectability and complication risk of diagnostic DBE are acceptable. Suspected MGIB is the most common indication, with a relatively high detection rate, but there was a difference in its causes between Western and Eastern countries. Copyright © 2011 American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.
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            Role of double-balloon endoscopy in the diagnosis of small-bowel tumors: the first Japanese multicenter study.

            The early diagnosis of small-bowel tumors (SBT) was a difficult task until the advent of capsule endoscopy (CE) and double-balloon endoscopy (DBE) allowed access to the disease site. However, although CE and DBE have greatly simplified the task, DBE studies have yet to provide sufficient data on the diagnosis and outcome of patients with SBTs. To determine the efficacy of DBE examination in the detection and diagnosis of SBT. A retrospective analysis of cross-sectional case series. Seven major medical centers in Japan. The first 1035 consecutive DBE cases at these major Japanese centers since the introduction of DBE. The percentage of subjects with SBT and a diagnosis of SBT, their indications for DBE, and diagnostic and therapeutic DBE procedures carried out for SBT. SBTs were identified in 144 of 1035 subjects (13.9%) who underwent DBE between September 2000 and December 2005. For subjects with SBT, the most common indication for DBE was the suspected presence of a SBT (61/144 [42.4%]). For subjects without SBT, the most common indication was obscure GI bleeding (OGIB) (419/891 [47.0%]). Malignant lymphoma and GI stromal tumor (GIST) were the most frequent (31/144 [21.5%]) and the second-most frequent SBTs (27/144 [18.8%]), respectively, in this database. We also performed 85 biopsies and 45 therapeutic procedures for the evaluation and treatment of SBTs in 144 patients. Although complications were encountered in 5.3% of cases (14/266 sessions), none of these were life threatening in the present study. DBE proved a valuable tool for the detection and diagnosis of SBTs, especially when tumors were suspected. Biopsies and therapeutic procedures were also possible in most of these patients, which directed our management of the disease.
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              Increased diagnostic yield of small bowel tumors with capsule endoscopy.

              It is believed that cancers of the small intestine represent <2% of all malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, although the accuracy of this estimate is unknown, because the current methodologies for examining the small bowel have proved inadequate. Capsule endoscopy allows a more detailed inspection of the small intestine and may improve the ability to diagnose small bowel tumors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of capsule endoscopy in diagnosing small bowel tumors and to help establish the true incidence of tumors in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. A retrospective analysis of the charts of 562 patients who underwent capsule endoscopy from August 2001 to November 2003 for a variety of indications was performed. The indication for the procedure was bleeding (alone or in addition to another indication, such as abnormal imaging) in 443 patients. A diagnosis was made by capsule endoscopy in 277 patients (49.3%). Of 562 patients who were included in the study, 50 patients (8.9%) were diagnosed with small bowel tumors. The types of tumor diagnosed by capsule endoscopy included 8 adenocarcinomas (1.4%), 10 carcinoids (1.8%), 4 gastrointestinal stromal tumors (0.7%), 5 lymphomas (0.9%), 3 inflammatory polyps, 1 lymphangioma, 1 lymphangioectasia,1 hemangioma, 1 hamartoma, and 1 tubular adenoma. Of the tumors diagnosed, 48% were malignant. It was observed that 9 of 67 patients (13%) younger than age 50 years who underwent capsule endoscopy for obscure bleeding had small bowel tumors. The pathology results were not available for 10 patients. Capsule endoscopy diagnosed small bowel tumors in 8.9% of patients who underwent the procedure for a variety of reasons, establishing it as an effective diagnostic modality. This incidence of small bowel tumors suggests an important role for capsule endoscopy in the algorithm for the diagnostic work-up of patients with suspected small bowel lesions. Capsule endoscopy may lead to earlier detection and treatment of small bowel tumors and an improved prognosis for patients with these neoplasms. Copyright 2006 American Cancer Society.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Intern Med
                Intern. Med
                Internal Medicine
                The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine
                0918-2918
                1349-7235
                27 December 2017
                1 May 2018
                : 57
                : 9
                : 1209-1212
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Japan
                Author notes

                Correspondence to Dr. Naoyuki Nishimura, nn13543@ 123456kchnet.or.jp

                Article
                10.2169/internalmedicine.9877-17
                5980799
                29279517
                a0b40b97-c7a3-4d2d-b1ce-e1b7eda30ed0
                Copyright © 2018 by The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

                The Internal Medicine is an Open Access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. To view the details of this license, please visit ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 25 July 2017
                : 29 August 2017
                Categories
                Original Article

                double-balloon enteroscopy,small bowel tumors,small bowel metastases,surgery

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