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      Isolation and Identification of Feline Herpesvirus Type 1 from a South China Tiger in China

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          Abstract

          In 2012, an FHV-1-like virus was isolated from a tiger that presented with clinical signs of sialorrhea, sneezing and purulent rhinorrhea. Isolation was performed with the FK81 cell line, and the virus was identified by PCR, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the phylogenetic analysis of the partial thymidine kinase (TK) and glycoprotein B (gB) genes. A total of 253 bp of the TK gene and 566 bp of the gB gene were amplified from the trachea of the tiger by PCR/RT-PCR method. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolate belonged to the same cluster with other FHV-1 strains obtained from GenBank. Herpes-like viruses with an envelope and diameters of approximately 200 nm were observed in the culture supernatants of FK81 cells inoculated with samples from the tiger. The FHV-1 infection was confirmed by an animal challenge experiment in a cat model. Our finding extends the host range of FHV-1 and has implications for FHV-1 infection and South China tiger conservation.

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          Prevalence of antibodies to feline parvovirus, calicivirus, herpesvirus, coronavirus, and immunodeficiency virus and of feline leukemia virus antigen and the interrelationship of these viral infections in free-ranging lions in east Africa.

          Jeremy C Packer, R. Hofmann, J Martenson … (1996)
          While viral infections and their impact are well studied in domestic cats, only limited information is available on their occurrence in free-ranging lions. The goals of the present study were (i) to investigate the prevalence of antibodies to feline calicivirus (FCV), herpesvirus (FHV), coronavirus (FCoV), parvovirus (FPV), and immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) antigen in 311 serum samples collected between 1984 and 1991 from lions inhabiting Tanzania's national parks and (ii) to evaluate the possible biological importance and the interrelationship of these viral infections. Antibodies to FCV, never reported previously in free-ranging lions, were detected in 70% of the sera. In addition, a much higher prevalence of antibodies to FCoV (57%) was found than was previously reported in Etosha National Park and Kruger National Park. Titers ranged from 25 to 400. FeLV antigen was not detectable in any of the serum samples. FCoV, FCV, FHV, and FIV were endemic in the Serengeti, while a transient elevation of FPV titers pointed to an outbreak of FPV infection between 1985 and 1987. Antibody titers to FPV and FCV were highly prevalent in the Serengeti (FPV, 75%; FCV, 67%) but not in Ngorongoro Crater (FPV, 27%; FCV, 2%). These differences could be explained by the different habitats and biological histories of the two populations and by the well-documented absence of immigration of lions from the Serengeti plains into Ngorongoro Crater after 1965. These observations indicate that, although the pathological potential of these viral infections seemed not to be very high in free-ranging lions, relocation of seropositive animals by humans to seronegative lion populations must be considered very carefully.
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            Feline viruses in wildcats from Scotland.

            O. Jarrett, Amy M Daniels, Anna D. MacDonald … (1998)
            Few data are available on the prevalence of feline viruses in European wildcats (Felis silvestris). Previous surveys have indicated that wildcats may be infected with the common viruses of domestic cats, apart from feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). In the present study, 50 wildcats trapped throughout Scotland (UK) between August 1992 and January 1997 were tested for evidence of viral infection. All were negative for FIV by several serological or virological methods. By contrast, 10% of the cats were positive for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) antigen and infectious virus was isolated from 13% of a smaller subset. Of the wildcats tested for respiratory viruses, 25% yielded feline calicivirus (FCV) and although no feline herpesvirus was isolated, 16% of the samples had neutralizing antibodies to this virus. Antibodies to feline coronavirus (FCoV) were found in 6% of samples. Feline foamy virus (FFV) was an incidental finding in 33% of samples tested. This study confirms that wildcats in Scotland are commonly infected with the major viruses of the domestic cat, except for FIV.
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              Human mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase. cDNA cloning, expression and genomic organization

              Jan-Åke Gustafsson, José Pedrajas, Antonio Miranda-Vizuete … (1999)
              Article 0 comments Cited 23 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Viruses
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Viruses
                Journal ID (publisher-id): viruses
                Title: Viruses
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1999-4915
                Publication date (Electronic): 28 February 2014
                Publication date Collection: March 2014
                Volume: 6
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 1004-1014
                Affiliations
                [1 ]College of Wildlife Resource, Northeast Forestry University, Haerbin, 150040, China; E-Mail: xiaofengsht@ 123456163.com
                [2 ]College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China; E-Mail: liyuanguo0520@ 123456163.com
                [3 ]Wildlife Rescue and Breeding Centre of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130122, China; E-Mails: jiaoweiyi2013@ 123456163.com (W.J.); liucunfa2013@ 123456163.com (C.L.); liuxiujuan2013@ 123456126.com (X.L.); haijunwang2013@ 123456163.com (H.W.)
                [4 ]Shenzhen Wildlife Zoo, Shenzhen, 518055, China; E-Mails: huafuyou2013@ 123456163.com (F.H.); dongjianxiu2013@ 123456163.com (J.D.)
                [5 ]Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China; E-Mails: fst0007@ 123456163.com (S.F.); zhijun0215@ 123456gmail.com (Z.Y.)
                Author notes
                [†]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                [* ]Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: gaoyuwei@ 123456gmail.com (Y.G.); gywtext@ 123456hotmail.com (X.X.); Tel.: +86-431-86985516 (Y.G.); Fax: +86-431-86985516 (Y.G.).
                Article
                Publisher ID: viruses-06-01004
                DOI: 10.3390/v6031004
                PMC ID: 3970135
                PubMed ID: 24590411
                SO-VID: a0bcf33e-7372-4a31-b691-94459a2fe171
                Copyright © © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
                License:

                This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                Date received : 10 November 2013
                Date revision received : 26 January 2014
                Date accepted : 20 February 2014
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Keywords: feline herpesvirus type 1,virus isolation,animal challenge experiment,south china tiger
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Keywords: feline herpesvirus type 1, virus isolation, animal challenge experiment, south china tiger

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