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      Deontología y confidencialidad en psiquiatría y psicología clínica en España Translated title: Deontologia i confidencialitat en psiquiatria i psicologia clínica a Espanya Translated title: Deontology and confidentiality in psychiatry and clinical psychology in Spain

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: En el ámbito de la salud mental la cualidad deontológica o ética profesional de todo el personal sanitario está regulada por los correspondientes códigos internacionales y nacionales de los preceptivos colegios profesionales. Material y método: Estudio crítico de los códigos deontológicos españoles y otros internacionales de referencia, para las especialidades oficiales de psiquiatría y psicología clínica. Resultados y discusión: Esos códigos normalizan la confidencialidad como asunto imperativo y son de obligado cumplimiento para sus colegiados. Los facultativos tienen igualmente la máxima exigencia bioética de ostentar siempre la formación y actualización óptimas en su campo, lo que es aplicable tanto si actúan pública como privadamente, o son de una u otra especialidad. Las actuaciones facultativo-paciente más paternalistas solo podrán ser válidas en la actualidad cuando los usuarios sean incapaces de elegir voluntariamente o de realizar acciones autónomas. Sin embargo, resultan especialmente sensibles las situaciones que conlleven riesgo de heteroagresión, suicidio, consumo de sustancias o se den en menores de edad. Por tanto, puede haber conflicto bioético entre la confidencialidad facultativa y el deber de proteger e informar a otra persona involucrada. Conclusiones: En nuestro país, la salvaguarda de los principios de interés público de no-maleficencia y justicia tendrá que prevalecer sobre los más individuales de autonomía y beneficencia.

          Translated abstract

          Resum Introducció: En l'àmbit de la salut mental la qualitat deontològica o ètica professional de tot el personal sanitari està regulada pels corresponents codis internacionals i nacionals dels preceptius col·legis professionals. Material i mètode: Estudi crític dels codis deontològics espanyols i uns altres internacionals de referència, per a les especialitats oficials de psiquiatria i psicologia clínica. Resultats i discussió: Aquests codis normalitzen la confidencialitat com a assumpte imperatiu i són d'obligat compliment per als seus col·legiats. Els facultatius tenen igualment la màxima exigència bioètica d'ostentar sempre la formació i actualització òptimes en el seu camp, la qual cosa és aplicable tant si actuen pública com privadament, o són de l'una o l'altra especialitat. Les actuacions facultatiu-pacient més paternalistes només podran ser vàlides en l'actualitat quan els usuaris siguin incapaços de triar voluntàriament o de realitzar accions autònomes. No obstant això, resulten especialment sensibles les situacions que comportin risc de heteroagressió, suïcidi, consum de substàncies o es donin en menors d'edat. Per tant, pot haver-hi conflicte bioètic entre la confidencialitat facultativa i el deure de protegir i informar una altra persona involucrada. Conclusions: Al nostre país, la salvaguarda dels principis d'interès públic de no-maleficència i justícia haurà de prevaler sobre els més individuals d'autonomia i beneficència.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: In the field of mental health, the deontological quality or professional ethics of every sanitary professional, including those who are not physicians, is constantly regulated by the corresponding national and international codes of the professional colleges or associations. Method and material: Critical study of the Spanish deontological codes and other international ones which are a reference point for the official specialities in psychiatry and clinical psychology. Results and discussion: Those codes normalise confidentiality as an imperative matter and are obligatory for the college members. Physicians also have the highest bioethical exigence to always have the optimal training and updating in their field, which is applicable for both public and private practice and for both psychiatrists and clinical psychologists. At present, the most paternalistic physician-patient actions can only be acceptable when the users are unfit to choose voluntarily or make autonomous actions. However, the situations involving risk of hetero-attack, suicide, substance use or related to minors are especially sensitive. Therefore, there may be a bioethical conflict between physicians confidentiality and the duty to protect and inform an implied third person. Conclusions: In our country, the safeguard of the public interest principles of non-maleficence and justice will have to prevail over the more individual ones of autonomy and beneficence.

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          The four principles: Can they be measured and do they predict ethical decision making?

          Katie Page (2012)
          Background The four principles of Beauchamp and Childress - autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence and justice - have been extremely influential in the field of medical ethics, and are fundamental for understanding the current approach to ethical assessment in health care. This study tests whether these principles can be quantitatively measured on an individual level, and then subsequently if they are used in the decision making process when individuals are faced with ethical dilemmas. Methods The Analytic Hierarchy Process was used as a tool for the measurement of the principles. Four scenarios, which involved conflicts between the medical ethical principles, were presented to participants who then made judgments about the ethicality of the action in the scenario, and their intentions to act in the same manner if they were in the situation. Results Individual preferences for these medical ethical principles can be measured using the Analytic Hierarchy Process. This technique provides a useful tool in which to highlight individual medical ethical values. On average, individuals have a significant preference for non-maleficence over the other principles, however, and perhaps counter-intuitively, this preference does not seem to relate to applied ethical judgements in specific ethical dilemmas. Conclusions People state they value these medical ethical principles but they do not actually seem to use them directly in the decision making process. The reasons for this are explained through the lack of a behavioural model to account for the relevant situational factors not captured by the principles. The limitations of the principles in predicting ethical decision making are discussed.
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            Benefits and risks of suicide disclosure

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              The Oxford handbook of psychiatric ethics

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bioetica
                Revista de Bioética y Derecho
                Rev. Bioética y Derecho
                Observatori de Bioètica i Dret - Cátedra UNESCO de Bioética (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                1886-5887
                2021
                : 52
                : 173-183
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameConselleria de Sanitat, Generalitat Valenciana orgdiv1Departamento de Salud Valencia-Arnau de Vilanova-Llíria orgdiv2Servicio de Psiquiatría España
                Article
                S1886-58872021000200011 S1886-5887(21)00005200011
                10.1344/rbd2021.52.32034
                a125d5b7-f566-4633-b970-64da1bd12602

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 April 2021
                : 24 May 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 35, Pages: 11
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                SciELO Spain

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                Sección General

                ètica,deontología,ética,Espanya,psicologia clínica,psiquiatria,deontologia,Spain,clinical psychology,psychiatry,deontology,Ethics,España,psicología clínica,psiquiatría

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