A meta-analysis of 13 randomized placebo-controlled trials demonstrated a benefit for dipyridamole therapy, particularly with longer duration of treatment. Although the mechanism of this effect is not well understood, dipyridamole increases endogenous tissue adenosine, which may have a beneficial effect on myocardial perfusion. Therefore, we measured the effects of dipyridamole on myocardial blood flow (MBF) and coronary flow reserve (CFR) by using positron emission tomography and H2O in patients with coronary artery disease.