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      Resolving basal lamiid phylogeny and the circumscription of Icacinaceae with a plastome-scale data set.

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          Abstract

          Major relationships within Lamiidae, an asterid clade with ∼40000 species, have largely eluded resolution despite two decades of intensive study. The phylogenetic positions of Icacinaceae and other early-diverging lamiid clades (Garryales, Metteniusaceae, and Oncothecaceae) have been particularly problematic, hindering classification and impeding our understanding of early lamiid (and euasterid) character evolution.

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          An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II

          (2003)
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            Phylogenetics of Seed Plants: An Analysis of Nucleotide Sequences from the Plastid Gene rbcL

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              Using plastid genome-scale data to resolve enigmatic relationships among basal angiosperms.

              Although great progress has been made in clarifying deep-level angiosperm relationships, several early nodes in the angiosperm branch of the Tree of Life have proved difficult to resolve. Perhaps the last great question remaining in basal angiosperm phylogeny involves the branching order among the five major clades of mesangiosperms (Ceratophyllum, Chloranthaceae, eudicots, magnoliids, and monocots). Previous analyses have found no consistent support for relationships among these clades. In an effort to resolve these relationships, we performed phylogenetic analyses of 61 plastid genes ( approximately 42,000 bp) for 45 taxa, including members of all major basal angiosperm lineages. We also report the complete plastid genome sequence of Ceratophyllum demersum. Parsimony analyses of combined and partitioned data sets varied in the placement of several taxa, particularly Ceratophyllum, whereas maximum-likelihood (ML) trees were more topologically stable. Total evidence ML analyses recovered a clade of Chloranthaceae + magnoliids as sister to a well supported clade of monocots + (Ceratophyllum + eudicots). ML bootstrap and Bayesian support values for these relationships were generally high, although approximately unbiased topology tests could not reject several alternative topologies. The extremely short branches separating these five lineages imply a rapid diversification estimated to have occurred between 143.8 +/- 4.8 and 140.3 +/- 4.8 Mya.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Am. J. Bot.
                American journal of botany
                Botanical Society of America
                1537-2197
                0002-9122
                Nov 2015
                : 102
                : 11
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-8525 USA Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7800 USA gwstull@gmail.com.
                [2 ] Herbario CICY, Centro de Investigación Científicas de Yucatán A. C., Mérida, Yucatán 97200 Mexico.
                [3 ] Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-8525 USA Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7800 USA.
                [4 ] Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7800 USA.
                Article
                ajb.1500298
                10.3732/ajb.1500298
                26507112
                a17d7902-46cb-42a8-b70c-0b5bc9c2f001
                History

                plastid genome,phylogenetic nomenclature,Oncothecaceae,Metteniusaceae,Lamiidae,Icacinaceae,Garryales,phylogenomics

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