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      The effect of cupping therapy for low back pain: A meta-analysis based on existing randomized controlled trials

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          The short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire.

          A short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) has been developed. The main component of the SF-MPQ consists of 15 descriptors (11 sensory; 4 affective) which are rated on an intensity scale as 0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate or 3 = severe. Three pain scores are derived from the sum of the intensity rank values of the words chosen for sensory, affective and total descriptors. The SF-MPQ also includes the Present Pain Intensity (PPI) index of the standard MPQ and a visual analogue scale (VAS). The SF-MPQ scores obtained from patients in post-surgical and obstetrical wards and physiotherapy and dental departments were compared to the scores obtained with the standard MPQ. The correlations were consistently high and significant. The SF-MPQ was also shown to be sufficiently sensitive to demonstrate differences due to treatment at statistical levels comparable to those obtained with the standard form. The SF-MPQ shows promise as a useful tool in situations in which the standard MPQ takes too long to administer, yet qualitative information is desired and the PPI and VAS are inadequate.
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            Epidemiology of chronic low back pain in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2010.

            To describe epidemiologic characteristics and associations with increased healthcare utilization in US adults with chronic low back pain (cLBP).
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              Increased low back pain prevalence in females than in males after menopause age: evidences based on synthetic literature review.

              Female sex hormones play an important role in the etiology and pathophysiology of a variety of musculoskeletal degenerative diseases. Postmenopausal women show accelerated disc degeneration due to relative estrogen deficiency. This literature review aims to validate or falsify this hypothesis, i.e., while overall females have higher prevalence of low back pain (LBP) across all age groups, this male vs. female difference in LBP prevalence further increases after female menopause age. The literature search was performed on PubMed on January 2, 2016. The search word combination was (low back pain) AND prevalence AND [(males OR men) AND (females OR women)]. The following criteria were taken to include the papers for synthetic analysis: (I) only English primary literatures on nonspecific pain; (II) only prospective studies on general population, but not population with occupational LBP causes, of both males and female subjects studied using the same LBP criterion, ages-specific information available, and males and female subjects were age-matched; (III) studies without major quality flaws. In total 98 studies with 772,927 subjects were analyzed. According to the information in the literature, participant subjects were divided into four age groups: (I) school age children group: 6-19 years; (II) young and middle aged group: 20-50 years; (III) mixed age group: data from studies did not differentiate age groups; (IV) elderly group: ≥50 years old. When individual studies were not weighted by participant number and each individual study is represented as one entry regardless of their sample size, the median LBP prevalence ratio of female vs. males was 1.310, 1.140, 1.220, and 1.270 respectively for the four age groups. When individual studies were weighted by participant number, the LBP prevalence ratio of female vs. males was 1.360, 1.127, 1.185, and 1.280 respectively for the four groups. The higher LBP prevalence in school age girls than in school age boys is likely due to psychological factors, female hormone fluctuation, and menstruation. Compared with young and middle aged subjects, a further increased LBP prevalence in females than in males was noted after menopause age.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation
                BMR
                IOS Press
                18786324
                10538127
                November 06 2017
                November 06 2017
                : 30
                : 6
                : 1187-1195
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
                [2 ]Department of Orthopaedics, Guangdong No.2 Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
                [3 ]Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong No.2 Provincial Peopie’s Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
                [4 ]The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
                Article
                10.3233/BMR-169736
                28946531
                a1ad913c-231a-4599-ab53-c7730e6b6fe5
                © 2017
                History

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