Sustained Benefit from Ultrafiltration in Moderate Congestive Heart Failure

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Abstract

Body fluids, particularly in the thorax, are increased in moderate congestive heart failure, even if diuretic treatment is appropriate. Ultrafiltration, differently from diuretics, removes isotonic fluid and therefore the greatest possible amount of sodium per unit of fluid withdrawn, providing a physiologic dehydration. This results in improvement in the patient’s clinical condition, exercise capacity, lung function, as shown by improvement of standard pulmonary function tests, lung mechanics during exercise, and norepinephrine kinetics during exercise and orthostatic tilting.

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Ventilatory constraints during exercise in patients with chronic heart failure.

Bruce D. Johnson, Lyle J Olson, Thomas Allison … (2000)

We examined the degree of ventilatory constraint in patients with a history of chronic heart failure (CHF; n = 11; mean +/- SE age, 62 +/- 4 years; cardiac index [CI], 2.0 +/- 0.1; and ejection fraction [EF], 24 +/- 2%) and in control subjects (CTLS; n = 8; age, 61 +/- 5 years; CI, 2.6 +/- 0.3) by plotting the tidal flow-volume responses to graded exercise in relationship to the maximal flow-volume envelope (MFVL). Inspiratory capacity (IC) maneuvers were performed to follow changes in end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) during exercise, and the degree of expiratory flow limitation was assessed as the percent of the tidal volume (VT) that met or exceeded the expiratory boundary of the MFVL. CHF patients had significantly (p 45% of the VT in CHF patients vs < 25% in CTLS (despite the higher VE in CTLS). The least fit and most symptomatic CHF patients demonstrated the lowest EELV, the greatest degree of flow limitation, and a limited response to increased inspired carbon dioxide during exercise, all consistent with VE constraint. We conclude that patients with CHF commonly breathe near RV during exertion and experience expiratory flow limitation. This results in VE constraint and may contribute to exertional intolerance.

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Cardiomegaly as a possible cause of lung dysfunction in patients with heart failure.

M Bussotti, P. Palermo, M Guazzi … (2000)

Our hypothesis is that an enlarged heart may compete for space with the lungs, causing a restrictive pattern that is often seen in patients with chronic heart failure. Eighty patients with stable congestive heart failure in New York Heart Association classes II and III participated in the study. We measured cardiothoracic index (chest radiography), FEV1, vital capacity, alveolar volume, lung diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and its 2 subcomponents alveolar-capillary membrane diffusion (DM), and pulmonary capillary blood volume. Reliable measurements were obtained in 72 of 80 participants enrolled. Cardiothoracic index averaged 57% +/- 7%. FEV1, vital capacity, alveolar volume, DLCO, and DM were inversely related to the cardiothoracic index (r = -0.514, -0.557, -0.522, -0.475, and -0.480, respectively). However, the relations of DLCO and DM with the cardiothoracic index were lost when DLCO and DM were adjusted for alveolar volume. A significant correlation (P < .01) was found between alveolar volume and vital capacity, FEV1, and DLCO (r = 0.799, 0.705, and 0.614, respectively). At multivariate analysis, cardiothoracic index, FEV1, and pulmonary capillary blood volume were independent predictors of DLCO, whereas alveolar volume, FEV1, and left ventricular ejection fraction were independent predictors of DM. Cardiac enlargement in chronic heart failure appears to be involved in causing restrictive lung pattern and a reduced alveolar volume that disturbs carbon monoxide diffusion.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): CRD

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Cardiology

Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.0008-6312

Title: Cardiology

Publisher: S. Karger AG

ISBN: 978-3-8055-7380-1

ISBN: 978-3-318-00820-3

ISSN (Print): 0008-6312

ISSN (Electronic): 1421-9751

Publication date Subscription-year: 2001

Publication date (Print): 2001

Publication date (Electronic): 18 January 2002

Volume: 96

Issue: 3-4

Pages: 183-189

Affiliations

Centro Cardiologico Monzino, I.R.C.C.S., Institute of Cardiology, University of Milan, Italy

Article

Publisher ID: 47402 Other ID: Cardiology 2001;96:183–189

DOI: 10.1159/000047402

PubMed ID: 11805385

SO-VID: a1dfd48b-ea88-4dfe-ac5f-3e9cb0e51a59

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Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

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