Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis sobre la relación entre la productividad laboral y la enfermedad de ojo seco en pacientes con ojo seco no relacionado con Sjögren y con el Síndrome de Sjögren  <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Work productivity among Sjögren&apos;s Syndrome and non-Sjögren&apos;s dry eye patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis </span>

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Abstract

Resumen Este trabajo es un comentario del artículo: Sivakumar GK, Patel J, Malvankar-Mehta MS, Mather R. Work productivity among Sjögren's Syndrome and non-Sjögren's dry eye patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eye (Lond). 2021; Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1038/s41433-020-01282-3.

Translated abstract

Abstract This text is a commentary on the article: Sivakumar GK, Patel J, Malvankar-Mehta MS, Mather R. Work productivity among Sjögren's Syndrome and non-Sjögren's dry eye patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eye (Lond). 2021; Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1038/s41433-020-01282-3.

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TFOS DEWS II Definition and Classification Report

Jennifer P Craig, Kelly K. Nichols, Esen K Akpek … (2017)

The goals of the TFOS DEWS II Definition and Classification Subcommittee were to create an evidence-based definition and a contemporary classification system for dry eye disease (DED). The new definition recognizes the multifactorial nature of dry eye as a disease where loss of homeostasis of the tear film is the central pathophysiological concept. Ocular symptoms, as a broader term that encompasses reports of discomfort or visual disturbance, feature in the definition and the key etiologies of tear film instability, hyperosmolarity, and ocular surface inflammation and damage were determined to be important for inclusion in the definition. In the light of new data, neurosensory abnormalities were also included in the definition for the first time. In the classification of DED, recent evidence supports a scheme based on the pathophysiology where aqueous deficient and evaporative dry eye exist as a continuum, such that elements of each are considered in diagnosis and management. Central to the scheme is a positive diagnosis of DED with signs and symptoms, and this is directed towards management to restore homeostasis. The scheme also allows consideration of various related manifestations, such as non-obvious disease involving ocular surface signs without related symptoms, including neurotrophic conditions where dysfunctional sensation exists, and cases where symptoms exist without demonstrable ocular surface signs, including neuropathic pain. This approach is not intended to override clinical assessment and judgment but should prove helpful in guiding clinical management and research.

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TFOS DEWS II Epidemiology Report

Florence Malet, Kaevalin Lekhanont, Isabelle Jalbert … (2017)

The subcommittee reviewed the prevalence, incidence, risk factors, natural history, morbidity and questionnaires reported in epidemiological studies of dry eye disease (DED). A meta-analysis of published prevalence data estimated the impact of age and sex. Global mapping of prevalence was undertaken. The prevalence of DED ranged from 5 to 50%. The prevalence of signs was higher and more variable than symptoms. There were limited prevalence studies in youth and in populations south of the equator. The meta-analysis confirmed that prevalence increases with age, however signs showed a greater increase per decade than symptoms. Women have a higher prevalence of DED than men, although differences become significant only with age. Risk factors were categorized as modifiable/non-modifiable, and as consistent, probable or inconclusive. Asian ethnicity was a mostly consistent risk factor. The economic burden and impact of DED on vision, quality of life, work productivity, psychological and physical impact of pain, are considerable, particularly costs due to reduced work productivity. Questionnaires used to evaluate DED vary in their utility. Future research should establish the prevalence of disease of varying severity, the incidence in different populations and potential risk factors such as youth and digital device usage. Geospatial mapping might elucidate the impact of climate, environment and socioeconomic factors. Given the limited study of the natural history of treated and untreated DED, this remains an important area for future research.

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TFOS DEWS II pathophysiology report

Yuichi Uchino, Víctor Pérez, Norihiko Yokoi … (2017)

The TFOS DEWS II Pathophysiology Subcommittee reviewed the mechanisms involved in the initiation and perpetuation of dry eye disease. Its central mechanism is evaporative water loss leading to hyperosmolar tissue damage. Research in human disease and in animal models has shown that this, either directly or by inducing inflammation, causes a loss of both epithelial and goblet cells. The consequent decrease in surface wettability leads to early tear film breakup and amplifies hyperosmolarity via a Vicious Circle. Pain in dry eye is caused by tear hyperosmolarity, loss of lubrication, inflammatory mediators and neurosensory factors, while visual symptoms arise from tear and ocular surface irregularity. Increased friction targets damage to the lids and ocular surface, resulting in characteristic punctate epithelial keratitis, superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis, filamentary keratitis, lid parallel conjunctival folds, and lid wiper epitheliopathy. Hybrid dry eye disease, with features of both aqueous deficiency and increased evaporation, is common and efforts should be made to determine the relative contribution of each form to the total picture. To this end, practical methods are needed to measure tear evaporation in the clinic, and similarly, methods are needed to measure osmolarity at the tissue level across the ocular surface, to better determine the severity of dry eye. Areas for future research include the role of genetic mechanisms in non-Sjögren syndrome dry eye, the targeting of the terminal duct in meibomian gland disease and the influence of gaze dynamics and the closed eye state on tear stability and ocular surface inflammation.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): aprl

Title: Archivos de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales

Abbreviated Title: Arch Prev Riesgos Labor

Publisher: Societat Catalana de Salut Laboral y Asociación de Medicina del Trabajo de la Comunidad Valenciana (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )

ISSN (Electronic): 1578-2549

Publication date (Print and electronic): June 2021

Volume: 24

Issue: 2

Pages: 185-189

Affiliations

[1] San Vicente del Raspeig Alicante orgnameUniversidad de Alicante Spain

Article

Publisher ID: S1578-25492021000200185 Publisher ID: S1578-2549(21)02400200185

DOI: 10.12961/aprl.2021.24.02.09

SO-VID: a1e558e5-14dc-428a-a12c-9edca3e1b808

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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Date received : 05 March 2021

Date accepted : 13 March 2021

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Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 16, Pages: 5

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