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      High-oleate yeast oil without polyunsaturated fatty acids

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          Abstract

          Background

          Oleate-enriched triacylglycerides are well-suited for lubricant applications that require high oxidative stability. Fatty acid carbon chain length and degree of desaturation are key determinants of triacylglyceride properties and the ability to manipulate fatty acid composition in living organisms is critical to developing a source of bio-based oil tailored to meet specific application requirements.

          Results

          We sought to engineer the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica for production of high-oleate triacylglyceride oil. We studied the effect of deletions and overexpressions in the fatty acid and triacylglyceride synthesis pathways to identify modifications that increase oleate levels. Oleic acid accumulation in triacylglycerides was promoted by exchanging the native ∆9 fatty acid desaturase and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase with heterologous enzymes, as well as deletion of the Δ12 fatty acid desaturase and expression of a fatty acid elongase. By combining these engineering steps, we eliminated polyunsaturated fatty acids and created a Y. lipolytica strain that accumulates triglycerides with > 90% oleate content.

          Conclusions

          High-oleate content and lack of polyunsaturates distinguish this triacylglyceride oil from plant and algal derived oils. Its composition renders the oil suitable for applications that require high oxidative stability and further demonstrates the potential of Y. lipolytica as a producer of tailored lipid profiles.

          Electronic supplementary material

          The online version of this article (10.1186/s13068-018-1131-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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          Most cited references43

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          Review of biodiesel composition, properties, and specifications

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            Yarrowia lipolytica as a model for bio-oil production.

            The yeast Yarrowialipolytica has developed very efficient mechanisms for breaking down and using hydrophobic substrates. It is considered an oleaginous yeast, based on its ability to accumulate large amounts of lipids. Completion of the sequencing of the Y.lipolytica genome and the existence of suitable tools for genetic manipulation have made it possible to use the metabolic function of this species for biotechnological applications. In this review, we describe the coordinated pathways of lipid metabolism, storage and mobilization in this yeast, focusing in particular on the roles and regulation of the various enzymes and organelles involved in these processes. The physiological responses of Y.lipolytica to hydrophobic substrates include surface-mediated and direct interfacial transport processes, the production of biosurfactants, hydrophobization of the cytoplasmic membrane and the formation of protrusions. We also discuss culture conditions, including the mode of culture control and the culture medium, as these conditions can be modified to enhance the accumulation of lipids with a specific composition and to identify links between various biological processes occurring in the cells of this yeast. Examples are presented demonstrating the potential use of Y.lipolytica in fatty-acid bioconversion, substrate valorization and single-cell oil production. Finally, this review also discusses recent progress in our understanding of the metabolic fate of hydrophobic compounds within the cell: their terminal oxidation, further degradation or accumulation in the form of intracellular lipid bodies.
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              Biodiesel production from oleaginous microorganisms

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                +1 857 242 5207 , vtsakraklides@novogyinc.com
                akamineni@novogyinc.com
                aconsiglio@novogyinc.com
                kmacewen@novogyinc.com
                friedlanderj@gmail.com
                hblitzblau@novogyinc.com
                mhamilton@novogyinc.com
                dcrabtree@novogyinc.com
                asu@novogyinc.com
                jafshar5@gmail.com
                jsullivan@novogyinc.com
                greglatouf@gmail.com
                colin.r.south@gmail.com
                egreenhagen@ginkgobioworks.com
                jshaw@novogyinc.com
                elena@ginkgobioworks.com
                Journal
                Biotechnol Biofuels
                Biotechnol Biofuels
                Biotechnology for Biofuels
                BioMed Central (London )
                1754-6834
                9 May 2018
                9 May 2018
                2018
                : 11
                : 131
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Novogy, Inc, 85 Bolton Street, Cambridge, MA 02140 USA
                [2 ]GRID grid.420404.6, Present Address: Ginkgo Bioworks, ; 27 Drydock Avenue, 8th Floor, Boston, MA 02210 USA
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1998-1075
                Article
                1131
                10.1186/s13068-018-1131-y
                5941336
                29760773
                a207dd92-b60d-4609-9b90-22458372abb0
                © The Author(s) 2018

                Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

                History
                : 21 December 2017
                : 28 April 2018
                Categories
                Research
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2018

                Biotechnology
                oleic acid,oleate,monounsaturated,oil,triglyceride,triacylglyceride,tag,yeast,lubricant,oxidative stability

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