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      Confrontation échographique et fœtopathologie après interruption thérapeutique de grossesse dans une maternité Tunisienne de référence Translated title: Confrontation between ultrasound and fetopathological examination following therapeutic abortion performed in a maternity clinic in Tunisia

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          Abstract

          Nous proposons d’évaluer la pertinence du diagnostic échographique anténatal en le comparant aux conclusions de l’examen foetopathologique en cas d’interruption thérapeutique de la grossesse pour indication fœtale. Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective descriptive et analytique menée sur une période de trois ans allant de janvier 2013 à décembre 2015 ayant porté sur 66 fœtus autopsiés à la suite d’une interruption thérapeutique de grossesse pour indication fœtale. L’examen fœtopathologie a confirmé les résultats de l'échographie dans 63 cas (95,4%). Dans 18 cas (27,2%) il y avait une concordance complète entre les résultats du diagnostic prénatal et ceux de l'autopsie. Neufs pour cent des malformations fœtales ont été détectées au premier trimestre. La majorité de malformations (72%) ont été détectées au deuxième trimestre. Les malformations neurologiques étaient les plus fréquentes (60%), dominées par l’hydrocéphalie et l’anencéphalie. Cette étude montre que, dans nos conditions d’exercice, même si le diagnostic échographique est souvent non exhaustif, les indications des interruptions thérapeutiques de grossesses sont correctes. L’examen foetopathologique vient dans ce cas compléter les malformations méconnues permettant de préciser le diagnostic et mettre en place une stratégie pour les grossesses ultérieures.

          Translated abstract

          This study aims to evaluate the value of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis by comparing it with the results of the fetopathological examination in case of therapeutic interruption of pregnancy for fetal indication. We conducted a retrospective descriptive and analytical study carried out over a three-year period from January 2013 to December 2015. It involved 66 fetuses autopsied after therapeutic interruption of pregnancy for fetal indication. Fetopathological examination confirmed ultrasound results in 63 cases (95.4%). In 18 cases (27.2%) there was a full match between the results of the prenatal diagnosis and those of the autopsy. Nine percent of fetal malformations were detected in the first trimester. The majority of malformations (72%) were detected in the second timester. Neurological malformations were the most frequent (60%), dominated by hydrocephalus and anencephaly. This study shows that, in our clinical context, even if ultrasound diagnosis is often non-exhaustive, its signs indicating the need for interruptions of pregnancy are correct. Fetopathological examination is used, in this case, to detect unknown malformations, making it possible to specify the diagnosis and to implement a strategy for subsequent pregnancies.

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          Most cited references16

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          Survey of prenatal screening policies in Europe for structural malformations and chromosome anomalies, and their impact on detection and termination rates for neural tube defects and Down's syndrome

          Objective To ‘map’ the current (2004) state of prenatal screening in Europe. Design (i) Survey of country policies and (ii) analysis of data from EUROCAT (European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies) population-based congenital anomaly registers. Setting Europe. Population Survey of prenatal screening policies in 18 countries and 1.13 million births in 12 countries in 2002–04. Methods (i) Questionnaire on national screening policies and termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly (TOPFA) laws in 2004. (ii) Analysis of data on prenatal detection and termination for Down's syndrome and neural tube defects (NTDs) using the EUROCAT database. Main outcome measures Existence of national prenatal screening policies, legal gestation limit for TOPFA, prenatal detection and termination rates for Down's syndrome and NTD. Results Ten of the 18 countries had a national country-wide policy for Down's syndrome screening and 14/18 for structural anomaly scanning. Sixty-eight percent of Down's syndrome cases (range 0–95%) were detected prenatally, of which 88% resulted in termination of pregnancy. Eighty-eight percent (range 25–94%) of cases of NTD were prenatally detected, of which 88% resulted in termination. Countries with a first-trimester screening policy had the highest proportion of prenatally diagnosed Down's syndrome cases. Countries with no official national Down's syndrome screening or structural anomaly scan policy had the lowest proportion of prenatally diagnosed Down's syndrome and NTD cases. Six of the 18 countries had a legal gestational age limit for TOPFA, and in two countries, termination of pregnancy was illegal at any gestation. Conclusions There are large differences in screening policies between countries in Europe. These, as well as organisational and cultural factors, are associated with wide country variation in prenatal detection rates for Down's syndrome and NTD. Please cite this paper as: Boyd P, DeVigan C, Khoshnood B, Loane M, Garne E, Dolk H, and the EUROCAT working group. Survey of prenatal screening policies in Europe for structural malformations and chromosome anomalies, and their impact on detection and termination rates for neural tube defects and Down's syndrome. BJOG 2008;115:689–696.
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            A comparative study of prenatal ultrasound findings and post-mortem examination in a tertiary referral centre.

            This retrospective study compares the findings of prenatal ultrasound, performed in a tertiary fetal medicine centre, with the results of post-mortem examination in pregnancies complicated by suspected fetal abnormality that results in fetal loss. The study was carried out over a year at a teaching hospital, Fetal Medicine Centre and Regional Centre for Perinatal Pathology. Results were directly compared and the level of agreement between the ultrasound and post-mortem findings described. These were classified as having complete agreement; major agreement or major disagreement. The group of cases with major agreement between findings was further divided into those with significant, or minor, additional findings at post-mortem examination. Over the 12-month period, 153 ultrasound cases were identified, of which 47 were also examined by autopsy and were thus suitable for comparison in this study (30.7%). Complete agreement between ultrasound and post-mortem findings was found in 22 cases (46.8%). In 24 cases (51.1%), major agreement between ultrasound and post-mortem findings was seen. Of these, 11 had minor additional findings at post-mortem examination and 13 were found to have significant additional findings at post-mortem (27.7%), adding to the eventual diagnosis. In 12.8% of cases, post-mortem examination provided a definitive diagnosis. Only in one case was there complete discordance in the findings of the ultrasound examination and the autopsy (2.1%). No major disagreement between ultrasound and post-mortem findings was seen in 98% of cases. This study confirms the accuracy of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis in specialist centres, whilst emphasising the continuing importance of post-mortem examination in cases of fetal malformation to refine and, in some cases, define the diagnosis. Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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              Comparison between prenatal ultrasound and postmortem findings in fetuses and infants with developmental anomalies.

              To determine if postmortem examinations of fetuses and infants change the diagnosis obtained at prenatal ultrasound and affect counseling of future pregnancies, and if there has been a change over recent years in the accuracy of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis. This was a retrospective review of 455 autopsies of fetuses and infants with developmental anomalies performed at Trondheim University Hospital between 1995 and 2004 and with a prenatal ultrasound examination performed at a tertiary referral center. The routine ultrasound examinations were performed by specially trained midwives and obstetricians, referral scans by fetal medicine experts and autopsies by consultant pathologists with experience in perinatal pathology. The results of this study were also compared with those of a previous similar study performed between 1985 and 1995, with fetuses and infants coming from the same population and diagnosed at the same center. Of all cases analyzed during the study period, there was complete agreement between prenatal ultrasound and postmortem findings in 84% (384/455), i.e. prenatal ultrasound diagnoses were supplemented by postmortem examinations in 16% (71/455). Autopsy findings in four of these cases influenced further counseling. There was agreement regarding the main diagnosis in 98% (445/455) of cases. In the previous 10-year period, there was complete agreement in 75% and the main diagnosis was correct in 90% of cases. These differences between the two time periods were statistically significant (P = 0.0004 and P < 0.0001, respectively). The most frequent defects involved the central nervous system, heart and urinary tract. For these defects, detection rates for the main diagnoses were significantly better in 1995-2004 compared with in the previous 10-year period (P = 0.0125, P = 0.0111 and P = 0.0241, respectively). The accuracy of prenatal sonographic detection of developmental anomalies has increased in recent years. However, postmortem examination is still necessary to verify or improve the prenatal diagnosis and may influence future counseling. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pan Afr Med J
                Pan Afr Med J
                PAMJ
                The Pan African Medical Journal
                The African Field Epidemiology Network
                1937-8688
                21 December 2016
                2016
                : 25
                : 256
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Service C du Centre de Maternité et de Néonatologie de Tunis, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunisie
                [2 ]Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, CHU Farhat Hached, Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Tunisie
                [3 ]Service de Fœtopathologie du Centre de Maternité et de Néonatologie de Tunis, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunisie
                [4 ]Service de Radiologie, Hopital Habib Thameur, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunisie
                Author notes
                [& ]Corresponding author: Mehdi Kehila, Service C du Centre de Maternité et de Néonatologie de Tunis, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunisie
                Article
                PAMJ-25-256
                10.11604/pamj.2016.25.256.10011
                5337269
                28293372
                a2151527-87ce-4838-86cc-b46ab52f33c7
                © Mehdi Kehila et al.

                The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 10 June 2016
                : 07 November 2016
                Categories
                Case Series

                Medicine
                fœtus,avortement,échographie-prénatale,malformation,autopsie,fetus,interruption of pregnancy,prenatal ultrasound,autopsy

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