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      About Blood Purification: 3.0 Impact Factor I 5.6 CiteScore I 0.83 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration with or without Predilution Regional Citrate Anticoagulation: A Prospective Study

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          Abstract

          Background/Aims: Continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) requires anticoagulation to prevent circuit clotting and its use is contraindicated in patients with high bleeding risk. The aim of this study was to compare CVVH with and without regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) with respect to filter life, azotemic control and cost. Methods: This was a prospective sequential cohort study. The first cohort of patients with a high bleeding risk and acute renal failure was treated by anticoagulant-free predilution CVVH (n = 31). In the second cohort, CVVH was applied with RCA (n = 20). Results: The median filter life was 41 h (interquartile range 20–62) with RCA and 12 h (8–28) without RCA (p = 0.001). The azotemic control was better in the group with RCA. The hourly cost was comparable between the two groups. Conclusion: Regional anticoagulation with citrate-based replacement solution improved filter life compared to anticoagulant-free predilution CVVH. This regimen appeared safe, feasible and without metabolic complications or increased costs.

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          Citrate vs. heparin for anticoagulation in continuous venovenous hemofiltration: a prospective randomized study.

          Mehran Monchi, Denis Berghmans, Didier Ledoux … (2004)
          To compare the efficacy and safety of adjusted-dose unfractionated heparin with that of regional citrate anticoagulation in intensive care patients treated by continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH). Prospective, randomized, clinical trial in a 32-bed medical and surgical ICU in a university teaching hospital. ICU patients with acute renal failure requiring continuous renal replacement therapy, without cirrhosis, severe coagulopathy, or known sensitivity to heparin. Before the first CVVH run patients were randomized to receive anticoagulation with heparin or trisodium citrate. Patients eligible for another CVVH run received the other study medication in a cross-over fashion until the fourth circuit. Forty-nine circuits (hemofilters) were analyzed: 23 with heparin and 26 with citrate. The median lifetime of hemofilters was 70 h (interquartile range 44-140) with citrate anticoagulation and 40 h (17-48) with heparin (p=0.0007). One major bleeding occurred during heparin anticoagulation and one metabolic alkalosis (pH=7.60) was noted with citrate after a protocol violation. Transfusion rates (units of red cells per day of CVVH) were, respectively, 0.2 (0.0-0.4) with citrate and 1.0 (0.0-2.0) with heparin (p=0.0008). Regional citrate anticoagulation seems superior to heparin for the filter lifetime and transfusion requirements in ICU patients treated by continuous renal replacement therapy.
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            Citrate pharmacokinetics and metabolism in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic critically ill patients.

            Alexandra Gendo, Christian Madl, Ludwig Kramer … (2003)
            To investigate pharmacokinetics and metabolism of sodium citrate in critically ill patients. To determine the risk of citrate accumulation in the setting of liver dysfunction (cirrhosis, hepatorenal syndrome). Prospective cohort study. Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital Vienna. Consecutive critically ill cirrhotic (n = 16) and noncirrhotic patients (n = 16). Infusion of sodium citrate (0.5 mmol.kg-1.hr-1) and calcium chloride (0.17 mmol.kg-1.hr-1) for 2 hrs. Analysis of serial arterial blood samples. Total body clearance of citrate was normal in noncirrhotic critically ill patients but significantly reduced in cirrhotic patients (710 vs. 340 mL/min, p =.008). Citrate peak concentrations and concentration over time were increased by 65% and 114% in cirrhotic patients (p <.001), respectively; volumes of distribution were similar. Net metabolic changes were quantitatively similar, with pH and plasma bicarbonate concentrations increasing more slowly in cirrhotic patients. No citrate-related side effects were noted. Citrate clearance could not be predicted by standard liver function tests and was not appreciably influenced by renal function and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores. This first systematic study on citrate pharmacokinetics and metabolism in critically ill patients confirms a major role of hepatic citrate metabolism by demonstrating reduced citrate clearance in cirrhotic patients. Pharmacokinetic data could provide a basis for the clinical use of citrate anticoagulation in critically ill patients. Provided dose adaptation and monitoring of ionized calcium, citrate anticoagulation seems feasible even in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Metabolic consequences of citrate infusion were not different between groups in this study but may be more pronounced in prolonged infusion.
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              Regional citrate anticoagulation for continuous arteriovenous hemodialysis in critically ill patients.

              Ravindra Mehta, Brian Mcdonald, May Aguilar … (1990)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): BPU
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Blood Purif
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.0253-5068
                Title: Blood Purification
                Publisher: S. Karger AG
                ISSN (Print): 0253-5068
                ISSN (Electronic): 1421-9735
                Publication date Subscription-year: 2007
                Publication date (Print): September 2007
                Publication date (Electronic): 14 August 2007
                Volume: 25
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 316-323
                Affiliations
                Departments of aNephrology and bIntensive Care, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
                Article
                Publisher ID: 107045 Other ID: Blood Purif 2007;25:316–323
                DOI: 10.1159/000107045
                PubMed ID: 17700015
                SO-VID: a258f4c7-f037-43e6-807d-a9ba68d1f0f9
                Copyright © © 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Date received : 10 January 2007
                Date accepted : 30 May 2007
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 6, References: 27, Pages: 8
                Categories
                Subject: Original Paper

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cardiovascular Medicine,Nephrology
                Keywords: Continuous venovenous hemofiltration,Filter life,Regional anticoagulation,Trisodium citrate
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology
                Keywords: Continuous venovenous hemofiltration, Filter life, Regional anticoagulation, Trisodium citrate

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