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      Alterações dos parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais em pacientes obesos com diabetes melito tipo 2 submetidos à derivação gastrojejunal em y de Roux sem anel Translated title: Changes in clinical and laboratory parameters in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus submitted to Roux-en-y gastrojejunal bypass without ring

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVOS: Verificar as alterações do peso e índice de massa corporal em pacientes obesos grau II e III com diabete melito tipo 2 nos períodos pré e pós-operatório e as alterações dos parâmetros laboratoriais de glicemia de jejum, glicemia pós-prandial, hemoglobina glicada, insulina nos períodos pré e pós-operatório. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se estudo prospectivo selecionando 40 pacientes com obesidade grau II e III, submetidos à derivação gastrojejunal em Y-de-Roux sem anel. Analisou-se no pré e pós-operatório de 60 dias o peso, índice de massa corporal, glicemia de jejum, glicemia pós-prandial, hemoglobina glicada e insulina. RESULTADOS: O peso médio pré-operatório foi de 107,3Kg diminuindo para 89,5Kg no pós-operatório. O índice de massa corporal médio inicial foi de 39,5Kg/m2 e 32,9Kg/m2 com 60 dias de pós-operatório. A glicemia de jejum no pré-operatório foi de 132 mg/dl e no pós-operatório diminuiu 40,4 mg/dl em média. A glicemia pós-prandial foi de 172 mg/dl no pré-operatório e 111,6 mg/dl no controle pós-operatório. A hemoglobina glicada inicial foi de 7% declinando para 5,7% no pós-operatório. A insulina pré-operatória foi 29,6 uIU/ml e a pós-operatória 13,9 uIU/ml. Todas as variáveis apresentaram significância estatística com p<0,001. CONCLUSÃO: Houve significante diminuição de peso e no índice de massa corporal entre os períodos pré e pós-operatórios e diminuição também significante dos parâmetros laboratoriais de glicemia de jejum, glicemia pós-prandial, hemoglobina glicada, insulina entre os mesmos períodos.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIVES: 1) To assess the changes in body weight and body mass index in grade 2 and 3 obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, pre and postoperatively; 2) to assess the changes in pre and postoperative fasting blood glucose, postprandial glucose, glycated hemoglobin and insulin. METHODS: A prospective study was undertaken with 40 selected patients with grade 2 and 3 obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, all with indication for surgical treatment of obesity. All patients underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass without ring. The clinical parameters weight and body mass index were analyzed, as well as the laboratory parameters fasting blood glucose, postprandial glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and insulin. The analyses were carried out in the preoperative period and at 60 days postoperatively. Statistical analysis was conducted with Student's t and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. RESULTS: Mean preoperative weight was 107.3 kg, declining to 89.5 kg postoperatively. Mean initial body mass index was 39.5 kg/m², and 32.9 kg/m² at 60 postoperative days. Preoperative fasting blood glucose was 132 mg/dL, which was reduced to 40.4 mg/dL, on average, postoperatively. Postprandial blood glucose was 172 mg/dL in the preoperative period and 111.6 mg/dL in the postoperative measurement. Initial glycated hemoglobin was 7%, declining to 5.7% postoperatively. Preoperative and postoperative insulin levels were 29.6 µIU/mL and 13.9 µIU/mL, respectively. The level of significance was p<0.001 for all variables. CONCLUSION: There was a statistically significant reduction in body weight and body mass index between the pre and postoperative periods, as well as in fasting blood glucose, postprandial glucose, glycated hemoglobin.

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          The weight reduction operation of choice: vertical banded gastroplasty or gastric bypass?

          Despite important advances in the field of bariatric surgery over the last 40 years, no single operation has clearly emerged as the optimum procedure. Over the last decade, however, attention has focused on vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGB). We compared 329 VBG procedures consecutively performed in 328 patients, and 623 VBG-RGB operations in 560 patients for mortality, early and late complications requiring reoperation, and for weight loss up to 5 years. In 272 VBG-RGB operations, the gastric segments were stapled in continuity, and in 351 cases, the gastric segments were stapled and completely separated. Early complications were few for both procedures. Unsatisfactory weight loss was the most frequent late complication among VBG patients, whereas revision for staple-line disruption was the most common cause for late reoperation in the VBG-RGB group. The incidence of stapleline disruption was 22% for VBG-RGB patients when gastric segments were stapled in continuity and 2% when gastric segments were completely divided (P < 0.0001). Weight loss for the VBG patients and VBG-RGB patients at 5 years was 47% and 62%, respectively (P < 0.0001). Our data suggest, as others have shown, that RGB is a better weight-loss operation than VBG. A lesser curvature vertical pouch stapled in continuity with the excluded stomach can be associated with a high rate of staple-line disruption in RGB. Separation of gastric segments appears to significantly diminish this complication (P < 0.0001). Late complications now are fewer, and VBG-RGB is our weight-reduction procedure of choice.
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            Bariatric surgery: effects on glucose homeostasis.

            This article provides an overview of the effect of bariatric surgery on type 2 diabetes. It focuses on current hypotheses about the mechanism of diabetes control after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, and discusses the relationship between gastrointestinal anatomy and glucose homeostasis. Along with sustained body weight loss, all bariatric operations lead to improvement or resolution of comorbid disease states, particularly type 2 diabetes. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and biliopancreatic diversion are the most effective methods to control diabetes, resulting in persistent normal concentrations of plasma glucose, insulin, and glycosylated haemoglobin in 80-100% of cases. Resolution of diabetes after such treatment typically occurs too fast to be accounted for by weight loss alone. Recent animal investigations using duodenal-jejunal bypass, a stomach-preserving experimental model of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, have shown that diabetes control is not a mere collateral effect of the treatment of obesity, but directly results from the exclusion of the duodenum and proximal jejunum from the flow of nutrients. Results from clinical series and animal studies suggest that type 2 diabetes is a potentially operable disease. This indicates the need for carefully conducted clinical trials to define the ideal candidate patients and the most suitable type of operation for surgical treatment of type 2 diabetes. Understanding the exact mechanism by which Roux-en-Y gastric bypass controls diabetes is a priority because such knowledge may help us to understand the relationship between gastrointestinal physiology and insulin resistance as well as to help us identify new targets for novel antidiabetic medications.
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              Cirurgia em obesos mórbidos: experiência pessoal

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rcbc
                Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões
                Rev. Col. Bras. Cir.
                Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões (Rio de Janeiro )
                1809-4546
                June 2012
                : 39
                : 3
                : 178-182
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Faculdade Evangélica do Paraná Brazil
                [2 ] Faculdade Evangélica do Paraná Brazil
                [3 ] Hospital Universitário Evangélico de Curitiba Brazil
                [4 ] Faculdade Evangélica do Paraná Brazil
                [5 ] Faculdade Evangélica do Paraná Brazil
                [6 ] Hospital Universitário Evangélico de Curitiba Brazil
                [7 ] Faculdade Evangélica do Paraná Brazil
                Article
                S0100-69912012000300003
                10.1590/S0100-69912012000300003
                a2699e36-7b10-4e02-929a-1902155a8aeb

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0100-6991&lng=en
                Categories
                SURGERY

                Surgery
                Gastric bypass,Type 2 diabetes mellitus,Obesity,Bariatric surgery,Pacientes,Obesidade,Diabetes mellitus tipo 2,Derivação gástrica,Cirurgia Bariátrica

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