For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
26
views
44
references
 Top references
cited by
10
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      54
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Malnutrition in the Critically Ill Child: The Importance of Enteral Nutrition

      review-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Malnutrition affects 50% of hospitalized children and 25–70% of the critically ill children. It increases the incidence of complications and mortality. Malnutrition is associated with an altered metabolism of certain substrates, increased metabolism and catabolism depending on the severity of the lesion, and reduced nutrient delivery. The objective should be to administer individualized nutrition to the critically ill child and to be able to adjust the nutrition continuously according to the metabolic changes and evolving nutritional status. It would appear reasonable to start enteral nutrition within the first 24 to 48 hours after admission, when oral feeding is not possible. Parenteral nutrition should only be used when enteral nutrition is contraindicated or is not tolerated. Energy delivery must be individually adjusted to energy expenditure (40–65 kcal/100 calories metabolized/day) with a protein delivery of 2.5–3 g/kg/day. Frequent monitoring of nutritional and metabolic parameters should be performed.

          Related collections

          Most cited references44

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Article: not found

          A.S.P.E.N. Clinical Guidelines: nutrition support of the critically ill child.

          Nilesh Mehta, Charlene Compher (2009)
          Article 0 comments Cited 57 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Malnutrition as an independent predictor of clinical outcome in critically ill children.

            Fernanda de Souza Menezes, Heitor Leite, Paulo Koch Nogueira (2012)
            To determine the nutritional status of a cohort of children admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) and to assess the effect of malnutrition as an independent risk factor affecting outcome in this patient group. In a prospective cohort study, 385 children admitted to the ICU of a teaching hospital over a 2-y period were assessed for nutritional status at admission and clinical outcome. The outcome variables were 30-d mortality, length of ICU stay, and length of mechanical ventilation. Potential exposure variables were gender, age, diagnosis (clinical versus surgical), septic shock, malnutrition, and scores on the Pediatric Index of Mortality and Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction. Nutritional status was determined using z scores of weight for age, height for age, and body mass index, based on the World Health Organization child growth standards. Patients with z score < -2 of anthropometric indexes were considered malnourished. 175 patients (45.5%) were malnourished on admission. Sixteen patients of the malnourished group (9.14%) and 25 patients (11.9%) of the non-malnourished group died. Malnutrition was associated with greater length of mechanical ventilation and length of ICU stay, but not with mortality on univariate analysis. Malnutrition was associated with greater length of ventilation on the multiple logistic regression model (OR 1.76, 95%; CI 1.08-2.88; P = 0.024). Malnutrition is common among children admitted to an ICU. This factor was not a predictor of mortality but showed independent association with length of mechanical ventilation. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
            Article 0 comments Cited 49 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Malnutrition in critically ill children: from admission to 6 months after discharge.

              Dick Tibboel, Luc J. Zimmermann, Johannes van Goudoever … (2004)
              Little is known about the nutritional status of critically ill children during hospitalisation in and after discharge from an intensive care unit. We set up a prospective, observational study to evaluate the nutritional status of children in an intensive care unit from admission up to 6 months after discharge. A secondary aim was identifying patient characteristics that influence the course of the various anthropometric parameters. The nutritional status of 293 children--104 preterm neonates, 96 term neonates and 93 older children--admitted to our multidisciplinary tertiary pediatric and neonatal intensive care unit was evaluated by anthropometry upon and during admission, at discharge and 6 weeks and 6 months following discharge. Upon admission, 24% of all children appeared to be undernourished. Preterm and term neonates, but not older children, showed a decline in nutritional status during admission. At 6 months after discharge almost all children showed complete recovery of nutritional status. Length of stay and history of disease were the parameters that most adversely affected the nutritional status of preterm and term neonates at discharge and during follow-up. While malnutrition is a major problem in pediatric intensive care units, most children have good long-term outcome in terms of nutritional status after discharge.
              Article 0 comments Cited 44 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Environ Res Public Health
                Journal ID (publisher-id): 101238455
                Title: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
                Publisher: Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
                ISSN (Print): 1661-7827
                ISSN (Electronic): 1660-4601
                Publication date (Print): November 2011
                Publication date (Electronic): 21 November 2011
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 11
                Pages: 4353-4366
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Pediatric Intensive Care Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, No. 47 Doctor Castelo, Madrid 28009, Spain; E-Mail: martabotran@ 123456hotmail.com
                [2 ]Servicio de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, No. 47 Doctor Castelo, Madrid 28009, Spain
                Author notes
                [* ]Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: pielvi@ 123456hotmail.com ; Tel.: +34-915-290-327; Fax: +34-915-868-018.
                Article
                Publisher ID: ijerph-08-04353
                DOI: 10.3390/ijerph8114353
                PMC ID: 3228575
                PubMed ID: 22163211
                SO-VID: a26b7595-aa71-492d-b76a-b0ae11c9b356
                Copyright © © 2011 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
                License:

                This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                Date received : 25 October 2011
                Date revision received : 15 November 2011
                Date accepted : 15 November 2011
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health
                Keywords: enteral nutrition,parenteral nutrition,critically ill children,nutrition,malnutrition
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health
                Keywords: enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition, critically ill children, nutrition, malnutrition

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content54

                See all similar

                Cited by10

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors306

                See all reference authors