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      Potentials of energy efficiency improvement and energy–emission–health nexus in Jing-Jin-Ji’s cement industry

      , , , ,
      Journal of Cleaner Production
      Elsevier BV

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          Is Open Access

          Negative emissions—Part 2: Costs, potentials and side effects

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            Long-Term Ozone Exposure and Mortality in a Large Prospective Study.

            Tropospheric ozone (O3) is potentially associated with cardiovascular disease risk and premature death. Results from long-term epidemiological studies on O3 are scarce and inconclusive.
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              Addressing Global Mortality from Ambient PM2.5.

              Ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has a large and well-documented global burden of disease. Our analysis uses high-resolution (10 km, global-coverage) concentration data and cause-specific integrated exposure-response (IER) functions developed for the Global Burden of Disease 2010 to assess how regional and global improvements in ambient air quality could reduce attributable mortality from PM2.5. Overall, an aggressive global program of PM2.5 mitigation in line with WHO interim guidelines could avoid 750 000 (23%) of the 3.2 million deaths per year currently (ca. 2010) attributable to ambient PM2.5. Modest improvements in PM2.5 in relatively clean regions (North America, Europe) would result in surprisingly large avoided mortality, owing to demographic factors and the nonlinear concentration-response relationship that describes the risk of particulate matter in relation to several important causes of death. In contrast, major improvements in air quality would be required to substantially reduce mortality from PM2.5 in more polluted regions, such as China and India. Moreover, forecasted demographic and epidemiological transitions in India and China imply that to keep PM2.5-attributable mortality rates (deaths per 100 000 people per year) constant, average PM2.5 levels would need to decline by ∼20-30% over the next 15 years merely to offset increases in PM2.5-attributable mortality from aging populations. An effective program to deliver clean air to the world's most polluted regions could avoid several hundred thousand premature deaths each year.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Cleaner Production
                Journal of Cleaner Production
                Elsevier BV
                09596526
                January 2021
                January 2021
                : 278
                : 123335
                Article
                10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123335
                a275d7dd-8a39-4023-ba79-1ff8c16014ec
                © 2021

                https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

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