For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
11
views
54
references
 Top references
cited by
36
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      0
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Tissue distribution and urinary excretion of intravenously administered chemically functionalized graphene oxide sheets†

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Providing a pharmacological understanding on how chemically functionalized GO sheets transport in the blood stream and interact with physiological barriers that determine their body excretion and tissue accumulation.

          Abstract

          The design of graphene-based materials for biomedical purposes is of great interest. Graphene oxide (GO) sheets represent the most widespread type of graphene materials in biological investigations. In this work, thin GO sheets were synthesized and further chemically functionalized with DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid), a stable radiometal chelating agent, by an epoxide opening reaction. We report the tissue distribution of the functionalized GO sheets labeled with radioactive indium ( 111In) after intravenous administration in mice. Whole body single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging, gamma counting studies, Raman microscopy and histological investigations indicated extensive urinary excretion and predominantly spleen accumulation. Intact GO sheets were detected in the urine of injected mice by Raman spectroscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and electron diffraction. These results offer a previously unavailable pharmacological understanding on how chemically functionalized GO sheets transport in the blood stream and interact with physiological barriers that will determine their body excretion and tissue accumulation.

          Related collections

          Most cited references54

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          The structure of suspended graphene sheets

          Jannik C. Meyer, A. K. Geim, M. I. Katsnelson … (2007)
          The recent discovery of graphene has sparked much interest, thus far focused on the peculiar electronic structure of this material, in which charge carriers mimic massless relativistic particles. However, the physical structure of graphene--a single layer of carbon atoms densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice--is also puzzling. On the one hand, graphene appears to be a strictly two-dimensional material, exhibiting such a high crystal quality that electrons can travel submicrometre distances without scattering. On the other hand, perfect two-dimensional crystals cannot exist in the free state, according to both theory and experiment. This incompatibility can be avoided by arguing that all the graphene structures studied so far were an integral part of larger three-dimensional structures, either supported by a bulk substrate or embedded in a three-dimensional matrix. Here we report on individual graphene sheets freely suspended on a microfabricated scaffold in vacuum or air. These membranes are only one atom thick, yet they still display long-range crystalline order. However, our studies by transmission electron microscopy also reveal that these suspended graphene sheets are not perfectly flat: they exhibit intrinsic microscopic roughening such that the surface normal varies by several degrees and out-of-plane deformations reach 1 nm. The atomically thin single-crystal membranes offer ample scope for fundamental research and new technologies, whereas the observed corrugations in the third dimension may provide subtle reasons for the stability of two-dimensional crystals.
          Article 0 comments Cited 392 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: not found
            • Article: not found

            Color test for detection of free terminal amino groups in the solid-phase synthesis of peptides.

            E. Kaiser, R.L. Colescott, C.D. Bossinger … (1970)
            Article 0 comments Cited 267 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Imaging macrophages with nanoparticles.

              Ralph Weissleder, Matthias Nahrendorf, Mikael J. Pittet (2014)
              Nanomaterials have much to offer, not only in deciphering innate immune cell biology and tracking cells, but also in advancing personalized clinical care by providing diagnostic and prognostic information, quantifying treatment efficacy and designing better therapeutics. This Review presents different types of nanomaterial, their biological properties and their applications for imaging macrophages in human diseases, including cancer, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, aortic aneurysm, diabetes and other conditions. We anticipate that future needs will include the development of nanomaterials that are specific for immune cell subsets and can be used as imaging surrogates for nanotherapeutics. New in vivo imaging clinical tools for noninvasive macrophage quantification are thus ultimately expected to become relevant to predicting patients' clinical outcome, defining treatment options and monitoring responses to therapy.
              Article 0 comments Cited 249 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Chem Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Chem Sci
                Title: Chemical Science
                Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
                ISSN (Print): 2041-6520
                ISSN (Electronic): 2041-6539
                Publication date (Print): 15 July 2015
                Publication date (Electronic): 14 April 2015
                Volume: 6
                Issue: 7
                Pages: 3952-3964
                Affiliations
                [a ] Nanomedicine Laboratory , Faculty of Medical & Human Sciences and National Graphene Institute , University of Manchester , AV Hill Building , Manchester M13 9PT , UK . Email: kostas.kostarelos@ 123456manchester.ac.uk
                [b ] CNRS , Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire , Laboratoire d'Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique , 67000 Strasbourg , France . Email: a.bianco@ 123456ibmc-cnrs.unistra.fr
                [c ] Institut de Chimie et Procédés pour l'Energie , l'Environnement et la Santé (ICPEES) , ECPM , UMR 7515 du CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 25 rue Becquerel Cedex 02 , 67087 Strasbourg , France
                Author notes

                ‡These authors contributed equally to this work.

                Article
                Publisher ID: c5sc00114e
                DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00114e
                PMC ID: 5497267
                PubMed ID: 28717461
                SO-VID: a28405ab-9c69-4c61-95a3-0cc7ae8ba1fd
                Copyright © This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 12 January 2015
                Date accepted : 14 April 2015
                Categories
                Subject: Chemistry

                Notes

                †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00114e


                Data availability:

                Comments

                Comment on this article