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      Plaguicidas detectados en suelo de colonias de Cynomys mexicanus en San Luis Potosí y Zacatecas, México Translated title: Quantification of pesticide residues in soil of Cynomys mexicanus habitat in San Luis Potosi and Zacatecas, Mexico

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          Abstract

          Resumen El perrito de la pradera (Cynomys mexicanus) es un roedor endémico de los pastizales del Norte de México, considerada una especie clave para el mantenimiento de su ecosistema. La principal problemática a la que enfrenta es el aumento de la frontera agrícola, por lo que se encuentra en constante exposición a productos químicos utilizados en zonas de cultivo cercanas, como los plaguicidas. El objetivo de este estudio fue detectar y cuantificar residuos de plaguicidas en muestras de suelo de colonias de C. mexicanus de los estados de Zacatecas y San Luis Potosí. Se analizaron un total de 5 muestras de suelo y se analizaron por medio de la técnica de Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Eficiencia (HPLC). Se detectaron ocho plaguicidas presentes en el 100% de las muestras analizadas, de los cuales el glifosato y el metamidofos tuvieron concentraciones mayores, de hasta 5.5 mg/g y 4.8 mg/g respectivamente. Los resultados muestran que en el suelo se encuentran altas concentraciones de los plaguicidas mencionados comparadas con las detectadas en otros estudios y mayores a la DL5O establecida para ambos. Por lo que el suelo es una fuente de exposición importante y medio para la entrada hacia el organismo de C. mexicanus.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The Mexican prairie dog (Cynomys mexicanus) is an endemic rodent of the grasslands of northern Mexico, considered a keystone species for the maintenance of its ecosystem. The main problem it faces is the increase in the agricultural frontier, which means that it is constantly exposed to chemical products used in nearby farming areas, such as pesticides. The objective of this study was to detect and quantify pesticide residues in soil samples of C. mexicanus colonies from the states of Zacatecas and San Luis Potosí. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analyzed five soil samples. Eight pesticides were detected in 100 % of the samples analyzed, of which glyphosate and methamidophos had higher concentrations, up to 5.5 mg/g and 4.8 mg/g respectively. The results show that high concentrations of the mentioned pesticides are found in the soil compared to those detected in other studies and higher than the DL5O established for both. Therefore, soil is an important source of exposure and means of entry into the organism of C. mexicanus.

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          Most cited references36

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          Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, Protección ambiental-especies nativas de México de flora y fauna silvestres-categorías de riesgo y especificaciones para su inclusión, exclusión o cambio-lista de especies en riesgo

          (2010)
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            Neurotoxicity of Pesticides

            Pesticides are unique environmental contaminants in that they are specifically introduced into the environment to control pests, often by killing them. Although pesticide application serves many important purposes, including protection against crop loss and against vector borne diseases, there are significant concerns over the potential toxic effects of pesticides to non-target organisms, including humans. In many cases, the molecular target of a pesticide is shared by non-target species, leading to the potential for untoward effects. Here, we review the history of pesticide usage and the neurotoxicity of selected classes of pesticides, including insecticides, herbicides and fungicides, to humans and experimental animals. Specific emphasis is given to linkages between exposure to pesticides and risk of neurological disease and dysfunction in humans coupled with mechanistic findings in humans and animal models. Finally, we discuss emerging techniques and strategies to improve translation from animal models to humans.
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              Learning and memory impairments associated to acetylcholinesterase inhibition and oxidative stress following glyphosate based-herbicide exposure in mice.

              Numerous clinical and epidemiological data have reported the deleterious effects of glyphosate on learning and memory. The ability of this herbicide to cross the blood-brain barrier may have adverse effects on the structure and various functions of the nervous system. This study was conducted to highlight the effects of Glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) on these two functions in mice treated daily with 250 or 500 mg/kg following acute (unique administration), subchronic (6 weeks) and chronic (12 weeks) treatments. The integrity of learning and memory was assessed by using a specific behavioral test battery: Novel object recognition, Y-maze and passive avoidance tasks. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and anti-oxidant enzyme activities, especially superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (PO) were evaluated. Our results indicated that unlike acute treatment, both subchronic and chronic exposure to GBH decreased discrimination index and the step-through-latency indicating recognition and retention memory impairments, respectively. In contrast, only chronic exposure affected working memory manifested by decreased spontaneous alternation. Furthermore, our results showed also a prominent decrease in AChE, SOD and PO specific activities within the brain of treated mice following repeated exposures. This study demonstrates that GBH induced numerous cognitive abnormalities referred to different forms of memory likely associated with a significant inhibition of AChE activity and oxidative stress induction.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                av
                Abanico veterinario
                Abanico vet
                Sergio Martínez González (Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico )
                2007-428X
                2448-6132
                December 2024
                : 15
                : e2023-16
                Affiliations
                [1] Saltillo orgnameUniversidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro orgdiv1Departamento de Parasitología Agrícola Mexico
                Article
                S2448-61322024000100301 S2448-6132(24)01500000301
                10.21929/abavet2024.1
                a29af010-53d6-4410-9757-11cbe17971cf

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 31 May 2023
                : 13 December 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 36, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Notas de investigación

                suelo,glyphosate,high efficiency liquid chromatography,Cynomys mexicanus,pesticides,soil,glifosato,cromatografía líquida de alta eficiencia,plaguicidas

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