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      Wearable and flexible sensors for user-interactive health-monitoring devices

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          Abstract

          The development of flexible and wearable healthcare devices facilitates a real-time monitoring of body activities as well as detecting various biosignals, which provided useful information to manage one's health condition for personal health monitoring.

          Abstract

          Flexible electronic devices that are lightweight and wearable are critical for personal healthcare systems, which are not restricted by time and space. To monitor human bio-signals in a non-invasive manner, skin-conforming, highly sensitive, reliable, and sustainable healthcare monitoring devices are required. In this review, we introduce flexible and wearable sensors based on engineered functional nano/micro-materials with unique sensing capabilities for detection of physical and electrophysiological vital signs of humans. In addition, we investigate key factors for the development of user-interactive healthcare devices that are customizable, wearable, skin-conforming, and monolithic (design), and have long-term monitoring capability with sustainable power sources. Finally, we describe potential challenges of developing current wearable healthcare devices for applications in fitness, medical diagnosis, prosthetics, and robotics.

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          Three-dimensional flexible and conductive interconnected graphene networks grown by chemical vapour deposition.

          Zongping Chen, Wencai Ren, Libo Gao … (2011)
          Integration of individual two-dimensional graphene sheets into macroscopic structures is essential for the application of graphene. A series of graphene-based composites and macroscopic structures have been recently fabricated using chemically derived graphene sheets. However, these composites and structures suffer from poor electrical conductivity because of the low quality and/or high inter-sheet junction contact resistance of the chemically derived graphene sheets. Here we report the direct synthesis of three-dimensional foam-like graphene macrostructures, which we call graphene foams (GFs), by template-directed chemical vapour deposition. A GF consists of an interconnected flexible network of graphene as the fast transport channel of charge carriers for high electrical conductivity. Even with a GF loading as low as ∼0.5 wt%, GF/poly(dimethyl siloxane) composites show a very high electrical conductivity of ∼10 S cm(-1), which is ∼6 orders of magnitude higher than chemically derived graphene-based composites. Using this unique network structure and the outstanding electrical and mechanical properties of GFs, as an example, we demonstrate the great potential of GF/poly(dimethyl siloxane) composites for flexible, foldable and stretchable conductors. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved
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            Highly sensitive flexible pressure sensors with microstructured rubber dielectric layers.

            Stefan Mannsfeld, Benjamin Tee, Randall M Stoltenberg … (2010)
            The development of an electronic skin is critical to the realization of artificial intelligence that comes into direct contact with humans, and to biomedical applications such as prosthetic skin. To mimic the tactile sensing properties of natural skin, large arrays of pixel pressure sensors on a flexible and stretchable substrate are required. We demonstrate flexible, capacitive pressure sensors with unprecedented sensitivity and very short response times that can be inexpensively fabricated over large areas by microstructuring of thin films of the biocompatible elastomer polydimethylsiloxane. The pressure sensitivity of the microstructured films far surpassed that exhibited by unstructured elastomeric films of similar thickness, and is tunable by using different microstructures. The microstructured films were integrated into organic field-effect transistors as the dielectric layer, forming a new type of active sensor device with similarly excellent sensitivity and response times.
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              Lead-free piezoceramics.

              Yasuyoshi Saito, Hisaaki Takao, Toshihiko Tani … (2004)
              Lead has recently been expelled from many commercial applications and materials (for example, from solder, glass and pottery glaze) owing to concerns regarding its toxicity. Lead zirconium titanate (PZT) ceramics are high-performance piezoelectric materials, which are widely used in sensors, actuators and other electronic devices; they contain more than 60 weight per cent lead. Although there has been a concerted effort to develop lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, no effective alternative to PZT has yet been found. Here we report a lead-free piezoelectric ceramic with an electric-field-induced strain comparable to typical actuator-grade PZT. We achieved this through the combination of the discovery of a morphotropic phase boundary in an alkaline niobate-based perovskite solid solution, and the development of a processing route leading to highly textured polycrystals. The ceramic exhibits a piezoelectric constant d33 (the induced charge per unit force applied in the same direction) of above 300 picocoulombs per newton (pC N(-1)), and texturing the material leads to a peak d33 of 416 pC N(-1). The textured material also exhibits temperature-independent field-induced strain characteristics.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JMCBDV
                Title: Journal of Materials Chemistry B
                Abbreviated Title: J. Mater. Chem. B
                Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                ISSN (Print): 2050-750X
                ISSN (Electronic): 2050-7518
                Publication date Created: 2018
                Publication date (Electronic): 2018
                Volume: 6
                Issue: 24
                Pages: 4043-4064
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
                [2 ]Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919
                [3 ]Republic of Korea
                Article
                DOI: 10.1039/C8TB01063C
                PubMed ID: 32255149
                SO-VID: a2a2b307-83ed-4367-84a1-9177b5a7df43
                Copyright © © 2018
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                http://rsc.li/journals-terms-of-use

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