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      Nucleolar Organizer Regions (NORs)

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          Abstract

          Counts of nucleolar regions (NORs) demonstrated by a silver staining technique in paraffin sections, have been used to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions. AgNORs were studied in 24 biopsies from oral cavity (5 cases of normal oral mucosa, 5 of pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia and 14 of squamous cell carcinoma, subdivided according to degree of differentiation: 5 grade 1, 5 grade 2 and 4 grade 3) to find whether they were helpful in distinguishing pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia due to chronic parasitic infections from squamous cell carcinoma. Two methods of counting AgNORs were used: (A) a simpler one which counts nucleolar clusters (AgNU) and satellite AgNORs and the other (B) counting all individual AgNORs, including those within AgNUs. In both methods the lowest mean values were observed for grade 3 carcinoma, while the highest belonged to grade 2 carcinoma. The simpler method (A) was the most useful because AgNU counts showed significant difference when pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia was compared with grade 1 and 2 carcinomas, which are the most difficult to discriminate from it. However the overlapping of values render the technique of limited use in individual cases.

          Translated abstract

          Regiões organizadoras do nucléolo podem ser detectadas através do nitrato de prata em seções de parafina. A contagem de AgNORs tem sido utilizada para distinguir entre lesões benignas e malignas. AgNORs foram contados em 24 biópsias da cavidade oral (5 casos de mucosa oral normal, 5 de hiperplasia pseudocarcinomatosa e 14 de carcinoma epidermóide, subdivididos segundo o grau de diferenciação: 5 - grau 1,5 grau 2 e 4 grau 3) para verificar sua utilidade no diagnóstico diferencial entre hiperplasia pseudocarcinomatosa, secundária à infecções parasitárias crônicas, e carcinoma epidermóide. Foram usados dois métodos de contagem de AgNORs: um mais simples(A), que conta os agregados nucleolares (AgNU) e AgNOR satélites e o outro (B) que conta todos os AgNORs, inclusive aqueles dentro do AgNUs. Em ambos os métodos as médias mais baixas foram do carcinoma grau 3 e as mais altas do carcinoma grau 2. 0 método mais simples (A) foi o mais útil, pois a contagem de AgNU mostrou valores significantemente diferentes quando comparou-se hiperplasia pseudocarcinomatosa e carcinomas graus 1 e 2, que são os mais difíceis de distinguir da hiperplasia. Entretanto, devido à sobreposição de valores a técnica foi de utilidade limitada em casos individuais.

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          Most cited references12

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          Silver-binding nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in benign and malignant breast lesions: correlations with ploidy and growth phase by DNA flow cytometry.

          Silver-binding nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) have been counted in sections of routinely processed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks and have been shown to assist in the distinction between benign and malignant lesions. We have examined 214 benign and malignant breast lesions by this method. The AgNOR counts were fibroadenomas 1.87 +/- 0.20 (mean +/- SD; n = 39), papillomas 1.92 +/- 0.21 (n = 28), sclerosing adenosis 1.96 +/- 0.24 (n = 23), epitheliosis 2.21 +/- 0.30 (n = 38), lobular carcinoma in situ 2.67 +/- 0.54 (n = 9), intraduct carcinoma 3.75 +/- 1.33 (n = 37), and invasive carcinoma 4.22 +/- 1.18 (n = 40). However, the counts in 25-30 per cent of epitheliosis lesions and intraduct carcinomas overlapped in the region of 2-3 AgNOR dots per nuclear profile. The AgNOR counts in carcinomas were also compared with ploidy and growth phase fractions (S + G2 + M%) by flow cytometry. Thirty-three of the 46 cancers with counts over 3 AgNOR dots per nuclear profile contained aneuploid cells (greater than 10 per cent of the total), whereas 8 of the 12 with counts below 3 comprised diploid cells only (P less than 0.05). Similar trends were noted with regard to growth phase fractions which were 19.15 per cent +/- 12.31 and 13.98 per cent +/- 5.55, respectively, for the two groups (P greater than 0.10). We conclude that this method alone does not offer a reliable histological discriminant for malignancy in the breast. However, AgNOR counting may provide information on breast cancer prognosis supplementary to that obtained from DNA flow cytometric analyses.
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            Histopathology of the Skin

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              Nucleolar organizer regions in cutaneous tumours.

              A silver colloid technique to identify nucleolar organizer region associated protein (AgNOR) has been applied to 68 cutaneous tumours. Basal cell carcinomas, eccrine tumours, apocrine tumours, and hair follicle tumours had differences in their numbers of AgNORs; these appeared as small black dots in their nuclei. Dermatofibromas and squamous cell carcinomas showed a degree of variability in the number of AgNORs depending on the cellularity of the former and differentiation of the latter. Basal cell carcinomas possessed significantly many more AgNORs per nucleus than the other neoplasms. It is suggested that this technique, previously the province of the cytogeneticist, may be of use in the diagnosis of cutaneous neoplasms.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                spmj
                Sao Paulo Medical Journal
                Sao Paulo Med. J.
                Associação Paulista de Medicina - APM (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1516-3180
                1806-9460
                December 1994
                : 112
                : 4
                : 642-645
                Affiliations
                [01] São Paulo orgnameCampinas State University Brazil
                Article
                S1516-31801994000400005 S1516-3180(94)11200405
                10.1590/S1516-31801994000400005
                a2c6875d-cec6-416f-8aa8-4fd693f54400

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 13, Pages: 4
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Original Articles

                squamous cell carcinoma,pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia,oral mucosa,mouth,oral carcinoma,AgNORs

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