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      CHLORIMURON-ETHYL IN CONVENTIONAL AND TRANSGENIC SOYBEAN CULTIVARS UNDER WATER DEFICIT STRESS Translated title: PULVERIZAÇÃO DE CHLORIMURON-ETHYL EM CULTIVARES DE SOJA CONVENCIONAL E TRANSGÊNICA SOB DIFERENTES MANEJOS HÍDRICOS

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Water deficit is a limiting factor for the soybean yield; it triggers different physiological and anatomical adaptations that have deleterious effects on the plants and can affect the selectivity of herbicides, causing production losses. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the action of the chlorimuron-ethyl herbicide when applied at different stages of soybean plants, using conventional and transgenic cultivars, and different soil water potentials. A rate of 20 g ha-1 of the chlorimuron-ethyl herbicide was applied to two soybean cultivars (MG/BR46-Conquista - conventional, and BRS-Valiosa-RR - transgenic) at two phenological stages (V2 - first fully expanded trifoliate leaves, and V4 - third fully expanded trifoliate leaves), using three soil water potentials (-0.03 MPa, -0.07 MPa, and -0.5 MPa). Phytotoxicity, and plant height were evaluated at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after the herbicide application. The shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and root system nodulation were evaluated. The soybean plants had lower phytotoxicity when subjected to application of chlorimuron-ethyl under water deficit conditions. The use of chlorimuron-ethyl reduced the growth and biomass of soybean plants and affected the plants' root system nodulation. The transgenic cultivar (BRS-Valiosa-RR) presented better performance when subjected to a moderate water deficit (-0.07 MPa), which contributes to biological nitrogen fixation.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO O déficit hídrico é um fator limitante, pois desencadeiam diferentes adaptações fisiológicas e anatômicas que tem efeitos deletérios nas plantas o que pode afetar a seletividade dos herbicidas e ocasionar perdas às culturas agrícolas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ação do herbicida chlorimuron-ethyl, pulverizado em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento da soja, cultivar convencional e transgênica, sob diferentes manejos de água no solo. A dose de 20 g i.a. ha-1 do herbicida chlorimuron-ethyl foi aplicada em dois estádios fenológico (V2-primeiro trifólio aberto e V4-terceiro trifólio aberto) de duas cultivares de soja: MG/BR 46 Conquista (convencional) e BRS Valiosa (RR), sob três condições hídricas no solo (-0,03; -0,07 e -0,5 MPa). Avaliou-se a fitointoxicação e altura de plantas aos 3, 7, 14 e 21 dias após a aplicação do herbicida. Ao final do estudo, determinou-se a massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca das raízes e nodulação do sistema radicular por meio do número e massa seca de nódulos. Constatou-se que, em condição de déficit hídrico as plantas de soja apresentaram uma menor fitotoxicidade visual quando submetida à pulverização do herbicida chlorimuron-ethyl. Além disso, o uso do herbicida chlorimuron-ethyl reduziu o crescimento e a biomassa das plantas de soja, afetando também a nodulação da cultura. A cultivar transgênica BRS Valiosa RR mostrou um melhor desempenho quando submetida a uma condição de escassez hídrica moderada (-0,07 MPa) para sustentar a fixação biológica de nitrogênio.

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          Higher plant antioxidants and redox signaling under environmental stresses.

          Main antioxidants in higher plants include glutathione, ascorbate, tocopherol, proline, betaine, and others, which are also information-rich redox buffers and important redox signaling components that interact with biomembrane-related compartments. As an evolutionary consequence of aerobic life for higher plants, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed by partial reduction of molecular oxygen. The above enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in higher plants can protect their cells from oxidative damage by scavenging ROS. In addition to crucial roles in defense system and as enzyme cofactors, antioxidants influence higher plant growth and development by modifying processes from mitosis and cell elongation to senescence and death. Most importantly, they provide essential information on cellular redox state, and regulate gene expression associated with biotic and abiotic stress responses to optimize defense and survival. An overview of the literature is presented in terms of main antioxidants and redox signaling in plant cells. Special attention is given to ROS and ROS-antioxidant interaction as a metabolic interface for different types of signals derived from metabolism and from the changing environment, which regulates the appropriate induction of acclimation processes or, execution of cell death programs, which are the two essential directions for higher plants.
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            Nitrogen nutrition of soybean in Brazil: Contributions of biological N2fixation and N fertilizer to grain yield

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              Impacts of water stress on gas exchange, water relations, chlorophyll content and leaf structure in the two main Tunisian olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rcaat
                Revista Caatinga
                Rev. Caatinga
                Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (Mossoró, RN, Brazil )
                0100-316X
                1983-2125
                December 2018
                : 31
                : 4
                : 832-842
                Affiliations
                [3] Jaboticabal São Paulo orgnameUniversidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho orgdiv1Department of Crop Production Brazil acsjr_agro@ 123456hotmail.com
                [4] Capão Bonito São Paulo orgnameFaculdade de Tecnologia de Capão Bonito Brazil mariarenatarp@ 123456hotmail.com
                [2] Auburn Alabama orgnameAuburn University Main Campus orgdiv1Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences United States goncalvescg.agro@ 123456hotmail.com
                Article
                S1983-21252018000400832
                10.1590/1983-21252018v31n405rc
                a2f0e64e-180f-44a3-9d85-1ed76ba2106a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 21 March 2017
                : 17 May 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 34, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Brazil


                Déficit hídrico,Inibidor da ALS,Fitointoxicação,Glycine max,Seletividade,Irrigation,ALS Inhibiting herbicide,Phytotoxicity,Selectivity.

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