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      Between Individual Rights and Group Rights

      Author(s): 1
      Publication date (Print):
      Journal: Academicus International Scientific Journal
      Publisher: Academicus Journal

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          Abstract

          The politicization of ethnocultural diversity and the demands posed by minority cultures for greater public recognition of their distinctive identities, and greater freedom and opportunity to retain and develop their distinctive cultural practices challenge liberal democracies. In response to these demands, new and creative mechanisms are being adopted in many countries for accommodating difference. This paper discusses some of the issues raised by these demands, focusing in particular on the difficulties that arise when the minority seeking accommodation is illiberal.

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          Female genital alteration: a compromise solution.

          Kavita Arora, Allan Jacobs (2016)
          Despite 30 years of advocacy, the prevalence of non-therapeutic female genital alteration (FGA) in minors is stable in many countries. Educational efforts have minimally changed the prevalence of this procedure in regions where it has been widely practiced. In order to better protect female children from the serious and long-term harms of some types of non-therapeutic FGA, we must adopt a more nuanced position that acknowledges a wide spectrum of procedures that alter female genitalia. We offer a revised categorisation for non-therapeutic FGA that groups procedures by effect and not by process. Acceptance of de minimis procedures that generally do not carry long-term medical risks is culturally sensitive, does not discriminate on the basis of gender, and does not violate human rights. More morbid procedures should not be performed. However, accepting de minimis non-therapeutic f FGA procedures enhances the effort of compassionate practitioners searching for a compromise position that respects cultural differences but protects the health of their patients.
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            womb as oasis: the symbolic context of Pharaonic circumcision in rural Northern Sudan

            JANICE BODDY (1982)
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              Ritual genital cutting of female minors.

              Ian Davis, (2010)
              The traditional custom of ritual cutting and alteration of the genitalia of female infants, children, and adolescents, referred to as female genital mutilation or female genital cutting (FGC), persists primarily in Africa and among certain communities in the Middle East and Asia. Immigrants in the United States from areas in which FGC is common may have daughters who have undergone a ritual genital procedure or may request that such a procedure be performed by a physician. The American Academy of Pediatrics believes that pediatricians and pediatric surgical specialists should be aware that this practice has life-threatening health risks for children and women. The American Academy of Pediatrics opposes all types of female genital cutting that pose risks of physical or psychological harm, counsels its members not to perform such procedures, recommends that its members actively seek to dissuade families from carrying out harmful forms of FGC, and urges its members to provide patients and their parents with compassionate education about the harms of FGC while remaining sensitive to the cultural and religious reasons that motivate parents to seek this procedure for their daughters.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Raphael Cohen Almagor: (View ORCID Profile)
                Journal
                Title: Academicus International Scientific Journal
                Publisher: Academicus Journal
                ISSN (Print): 20793715
                ISSN (Electronic): 23091088
                Publication date Created: February 2018
                Publication date (Print): February 2018
                Volume: 18
                Pages: 9-25
                Affiliations
                [1 ]DPhil Oxford University Chair in Politics, Founding Director of The Middle East Study Group University of Hull, UK
                Article
                DOI: 10.7336/academicus.2018.18.01
                SO-VID: a3176511-4a63-41bd-aee0-15e4abd1aa5a
                Copyright © © 2018
                License:

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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