Simulation of Baseball Gaming by Cooperation and Non-Cooperation Strategies

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Abstract

Baseball is a top strategic collective game that challenges the team manager's decision-making. A classic Nash equilibrium applies for non-cooperative games, while a Kantian equilibrium applies for cooperative ones. We use both Nash equilibrium (NE) and Kantian equilibrium (KE), separate or in combination, for the team selection of strategies during a baseball match: as soon as the selection of strategies by NE or KE carries a team to stay match loosing, a change to KE or NE is introduced. From this variation of selection of strategies the team that is losing tends to close or overcome the score with respect to the team with advantage according to the results from computer simulations. Hence, combining Nash selfish-gaming strategies with Kantian collaboration-gaming strategies, a baseball team performance is strengthened.

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Experimental determination of baseball spin and lift.

David Hubbard, L W Alaways (2001)

The aim of this study was to develop a new method for the determination of lift on spinning baseballs. Inertial trajectories of (a) ball surface markers during the first metre of flight and (b) the centre of mass trajectory near home-plate were measured in a pitch using high-speed video. A theoretical model was developed, incorporating aerodynamic Magnus-Robins lift, drag and cross forces, which predicts the centre of mass and marker trajectories. Parameters including initial conditions and aerodynamic coefficients were estimated iteratively by minimizing the error between predicted and measured trajectories. We compare the resulting lift coefficients and spin parameter values with those of previous studies. Lift on four-seam pitches can be as much as three times that of two-seam pitches, although this disparity is reduced for spin parameters greater than 0.4.