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      Evolución de los pacientes con nutrición parenteral domiciliaria: una revisión sistemática de los estudios disponibles Translated title: Evolution of patients with home parenteral nutrition: a systematic review of available studies

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: la nutrición parenteral domiciliaria (NPD) constituye el tratamiento de elección para pacientes con fallo intestinal que no requieren ingreso hospitalario. En esta revisión sistemática, nuestro objetivo fue realizar un análisis epidemiológico y de práctica clínica en NPD. Métodos: la revisión se realizó siguiendo la guía PRISMA. Para ello, se hizo una búsqueda bibliográfica en PubMed® y EMBASE® de los estudios publicados entre 2009 y 2019 en inglés o español que realizaran el seguimiento de pacientes con NPD durante al menos 5 años. Esta búsqueda se completó manualmente. Se excluyeron los artículos centrados únicamente en pacientes oncológicos, una patología específica o embarazadas o bien en complicaciones. Resultados: se identificaron 267 artículos, de los que cumplieron los criterios 9 (3 de población pediátrica y 6 de adultos). En adultos, la principal diferencia entre los estudios fue la patología de base. La indicación mayoritaria fue el síndrome de intestino corto y la causa de exitus, la enfermedad primaria. La mayor parte de la población pediátrica recibió este apoyo en los primeros meses de vida. Además, destaca el mayor porcentaje de conversión a vía oral y el menor número de fallecimientos frente a población adulta. Conclusiones: la utilización de la NPD en patología oncológica está sometida a una amplia variabilidad geográfica. Sería recomendable establecer directrices de uso en enfermos oncológicos y la realización de estudios de calidad que aporten información rigurosa y homogénea.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is a fundamental treatment for patients with intestinal failure who do not require hospitalization. We aimed to conduct an epidemiological and clinical practice analysis of HPN through a systematic review. Methods: the systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. A search was performed using the Healthcare Databases Advanced Search of PubMed® and EMBASE®, to identify articles which followed patients treated with HPN for at least 5 years, published between 2009 and 2019 in English or Spanish language. In addition, we manually retrieved other publications of interest. We excluded articles about subgroups of patients with a specific pathology, cancer or pregnant patients. We excluded studies collecting exclusively HPN complications. Results: a total of 267 references were identified, of which 9 met criteria (3 of pediatric population and 6 of adults). In adults, the main difference found between publications was the underlying pathologies. The most common indication was short bowel syndrome and the main cause of exitus was the underlying pathology. Most of the pediatric patients received this support in the first months of life. In addition, children showed a higher conversion rate to oral intake and a lower number of deaths when compared to adults. Conclusions: the use of HPN in cancer pathology is subject to wide geographic variability. It would be advisable to establish indication guidelines in patients with cancer and conduct quality studies, which provide rigorous and homogeneous information.

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          Most cited references19

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          ESPEN guidelines on chronic intestinal failure in adults.

          Chronic Intestinal Failure (CIF) is the long-lasting reduction of gut function, below the minimum necessary for the absorption of macronutrients and/or water and electrolytes, such that intravenous supplementation is required to maintain health and/or growth. CIF is the rarest organ failure. Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is the primary treatment for CIF. No guidelines (GLs) have been developed that address the global management of CIF. These GLs have been devised to generate comprehensive recommendations for safe and effective management of adult patients with CIF.
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            Intestinal transplant registry report: global activity and trends.

            The Registry has gathered information on intestine transplantation (IT) since 1985. During this time, individual centers have reported progress but small case volumes potentially limit the generalizability of this information. The present study was undertaken to examine recent global IT activity. Activity was assessed with descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier survival curves and a multiple variable analysis. Eighty-two programs reported 2887 transplants in 2699 patients. Regional practices and outcomes are now similar worldwide. Current actuarial patient survival rates are 76%, 56% and 43% at 1, 5 and 10 years, respectively. Rates of graft loss beyond 1 year have not improved. Grafts that included a colon segment had better function. Waiting at home for IT, the use of induction immune-suppression therapy, inclusion of a liver component and maintenance therapy with rapamycin were associated with better graft survival. Outcomes of IT have modestly improved over the past decade. Case volumes have recently declined. Identifying the root reasons for late graft loss is difficult due to the low case volumes at most centers. The high participation rate in the Registry provides unique opportunities to study these issues.
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              Long-term survival and parenteral nutrition dependence in adult patients with the short bowel syndrome.

              The short bowel syndrome (SBS) may be associated with either transient or permanent intestinal failure, presently treated by parenteral nutrition (PN). Survival and PN-dependence probabilities, taking into account both small bowel remnant length and the type of the digestive circuit of anastomosis, are not known in adult SBS patients. The aim of this study was to assess such prognostic factors. A total of 124 consecutive adults with nonmalignant SBS were enrolled from 1980 to 1992 at 2 home PN centers. They were analyzed for survival and PN-dependence probabilities using the Cox model and for PN dependence using linear discriminant analysis. Data were updated in April 1996. Survival and PN-dependence probabilities were 86% and 49% and 75% and 45% at 2 and 5 years, respectively. In multivariate analysis, survival was related negatively to end-enterostomy, to small bowel length of <50 cm, and to arterial infarction as a cause of SBS, but not to PN dependence. The latter was related negatively to postduodenal small bowel lengths of <50 and 50-99 cm and to absence of terminal ileum and/or colon in continuity. Cutoff values of small bowel lengths separating transient and permanent intestinal failure were 100, 65, and 30 cm in end-enterostomy, jejunocolic, and jejunoileocolic type of anastomosis, respectively. In adult SBS patients, small bowel length of <100 cm is highly predictive of permanent intestinal failure. Presence of terminal ileum and/or colon in continuity enhances both weaning off PN and survival probabilities. After 2 years of PN, probability of permanent intestinal failure is 94%. These rates may lead to selection of other treatments, especially intestinal transplantation, instead of PN, for permanent intestinal failure caused by SBS.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                June 2020
                : 37
                : 3
                : 599-608
                Affiliations
                [1] Sevilla orgnameHospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío orgdiv1UGC Farmacia Spain
                [2] Sevilla orgnameHospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío orgdiv1UGC Endocrinología y Nutrición Spain
                Article
                S0212-16112020000400599 S0212-1611(20)03700300599
                10.20960/nh.02889
                a347e2ba-a770-4f35-8399-c69f722f4f29

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 17 March 2020
                : 30 September 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 19, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Revisiones

                Enfermedades intestinales,Humans,Systematic review,Intestinal failure,Home parenteral nutrition,Intestinal diseases,Humanos,Revisión sistemática,Fallo intestinal,Nutrición parenteral domiciliaria

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