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      Une localisation rare de la tuberculose: la tuberculose endométriale Translated title: Rare location of tuberculosis: endometrial tuberculosis

      case-report

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          Abstract

          La tuberculose demeure un problème de santé publique, surtout dans les pays en voie de développement. Si la forme pulmonaire bacillaire est la plus fréquente, la forme génitale est rare et sous-diagnostiquée. Nous rapportons un cas de tuberculose de l’endomètre. Il s’agit d’une patiente de 72 ans ayant une hémoglobinopathie SC qui a consulté son gynécologue pour des leucorrhées trainantes. L’examen cytobactériologique des prélèvements vaginaux a mis en évidence un Stréptococcus agalactatiae. Malgré une antibiothérapie adaptée, l’évolution a été marquée par une persistance des leucorrhées. L’échographie pelvienne a objectivé un endomètre épaissi avec une image hyperéchogène du fond de l’utérus, évocatrice de tumeur de l’endomètre. L’examen anatomopathologique des pièces de curetage biopsique de l’endomètre a conclu à une endométrite granulomateuse en faveur d’une tuberculose folliculaire. L’évolution a été favorable sous traitement antituberculeux. La tuberculose génitale n’est pas exceptionnelle et doit être évoquée devant une leucorrhée persistante malgré un traitement adapté en milieu d’endémie tuberculeuse.

          Translated abstract

          Tuberculosis is a public health problem, especially in the developing countries. Bacillary pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common form of tuberculosis while genital tuberculosis is rare and underdiagnosed. We here report a case of endometrial tuberculosis. The study involved a 72-year old female patient with SC hemoglobinopathy consulting her gynecologist because of chronic leukorrhea. Cytobacteriologic assessment of vaginal swabs showed Streptococcus agalactatiae. Despite suitable antibiotic therapy, the evolution was marked by the persistence of leukorrhea. Pelvic ultrasonography objectified thickened endometrium, appearing as hyperechoic at the base of the uterus. This was suggestive of endometrial cancer. Anatomo-pathological examination of endometrial curettage samples showed granulomatous endometritis suggesting follicular tuberculosis. Outcome was favorable under antituberculosis treatment. In TB endemic areas, genital tuberculosis is not exceptional and should be suspected in patients with chronic leukorrhea despite suitable treatment.

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          Most cited references12

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          [Extrapulmonary tuberculosis].

          Extrapulmonary tuberculosis represents an increasing proportion of all cases of tuberculosis reaching 20 to 40% according to published reports. Extrapulmonary TB is found in a higher proportion of women, black people and immunosuppressed individuals. A significant proportion of cases have a normal chest X-Ray at the time of diagnosis. The most frequent clinical presentations are lymphadenitis, pleuritis and osteoarticular TB. Peritoneal, urogenital or meningeal tuberculosis are less frequent, and their diagnosis is often difficult due to the often wide differential diagnosis and the low sensitivity of diagnostic tests including cultures and genetic amplification tests. The key clinical elements are reported and for each form the diagnostic yield of available tests. International therapeutic recommendations and practical issues are reviewed according to clinical presentation. Copyright © 2012 SPLF. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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            [Epidemiology of tuberculosis].

            Tuberculosis is a contagious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It represents, according to World Health Organization (WHO), one of the most leading causes of death worldwide. With nearly 8 million new cases each year and more than 1 million deaths per year, tuberculosis is still a public health problem. Despite of the decrease in incidence, morbidity and mortality remain important partially due to co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus and emergence of resistant bacilli. All WHO regions are not uniformly affected by TB. Africa's region has the highest rates of morbidity and mortality. The epidemiological situation is also worrying in Eastern European countries where the proportion of drug-resistant tuberculosis is increasing. These regional disparities emphasize to develop screening, diagnosis and monitoring to the most vulnerable populations. In this context, the Stop TB program, developed by the WHO and its partner's, aims to reduce the burden of disease in accordance with the global targets set for 2015.
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              [Prevalence of HIV-TB co-infection and impact of HIV infection on pulmonary tuberculosis outcome in Togo].

              The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HIV infection in tuberculosis patients and its impact on the TB treatment. We enrolled 569 pulmonary TB patients in four diagnosis and treatment centres in Togo. All patients were new TB cases and received the first-line TB drugs: two months of rifampicin-pyrazinamide-isoniazid-ethambutol and six months of isoniazid-ethambutol. HIV testing was done according to the national guidelines, using rapid diagnosis tests. The CD4 lymphocyte counting was performed by Facscalibur (BD, Sciences) for all HIV-positive patients. Of the 569 TB patients enrolled, 135 (23.7%) were HIV positive (TB/HIV+). HIV prevalence was 22.4% (76 of 339) among men and 25.6% (59 of 230) among women without statistical difference. The global rate of treatment success was 82.2%. The rate of treatment success was lower (64.3%) in TB/HIV+ patients than in TB/HIV- patients (87.5%) (p <0.01). The mortality rates were 25.6% and 11.8% in TB/HIV+ patients and TB/HIV- patients, respectively, with a statistically significant difference (p <0.01). We did not found any statistical difference between the rates of treatment success among TB/HIV- (87.5%) patients and TB/HIV+ patients who had TCD4 lymphocyte counts above 200/µl (84.4%). TB program in Togo must take into account HIV infection to improve its performance.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pan Afr Med J
                Pan Afr Med J
                PAMJ
                The Pan African Medical Journal
                The African Field Epidemiology Network
                1937-8688
                21 May 2019
                2019
                : 33
                : 45
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga, Cotonou, Bénin
                [2 ]Clinique de la Patte d’Oie, Cotonou, Bénin
                [3 ]Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Départemental de Ouémé Plateau, Porto Novo, Bénin
                Author notes
                [& ]Auteur correspondant: Anthelme Kouessi Agbodande, Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga, Cotonou, Bénin
                Article
                PAMJ-33-45
                10.11604/pamj.2019.33.45.17520
                6690063
                31448008
                a34865a6-4bfa-43ce-bb62-b51e8ae933be
                © Anthelme Kouessi Agbodande et al.

                The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 28 October 2018
                : 15 April 2019
                Categories
                Case Report

                Medicine
                tuberculose,endomètre,cotonou,tuberculosis,endometrium
                Medicine
                tuberculose, endomètre, cotonou, tuberculosis, endometrium

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