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      Evaluación de los anuncios de alimentos procesados y ultraprocesados en la televisión en España, aplicando el modelo de Semáforo Nutricional de Reino Unido Translated title: Assessment of the Spanish television advertisements on processed and ultra-processed foods, applying the UK traffic light labelling

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: Dado el interés en disminuir el consumo de alimentos de bajo valor nutricional, el propósito del presente estudio fue evaluar la calidad nutricional de los anuncios de alimentos procesados y ultraprocesados en la televisión en España. Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal, observacional y descriptivo de los anuncios televisivos de alimentos procesados y ultraprocesados en los cuatros canales generalistas y el canal infantil con publicidad y mayores audiencias. Se analizó un día entre semana y otro de fin de semana, en las dos franjas horarias de mayor audiencia media. Para la evaluación se consideró la frecuencia de repetición de los anuncios de cada producto registrado y se utilizó la versión vigente del Semáforo Nutricional (SN) de Reino Unido, estableciéndose el perfil de SN mayoritario de cada canal y del conjunto. Resultados: El 19,6% de los anuncios emitidos se correspondió con alimentos procesados y ultraprocesados. El canal infantil Boing presentó una presión de este tipo de publicidad elevada (36,8%), duplicando a la media de los canales generalistas (17,4%). El SN mayoritario del conjunto de canales fue rojo para grasas y grasas saturadas, y verde para azúcares y sal. El canal infantil Boing presentó el peor perfil nutricional, siendo rojo para todos los nutrientes analizados, excepto para la sal, que fue ámbar, mientras que Telecinco presentó el mejor, siendo verde para todos los nutrientes analizados. Conclusiones: La publicidad de los alimentos procesados y ultraprocesados en la televisión en España presenta una calidad nutricional general mejorable, especialmente en el canal infantil analizado, lo que aconsejaría adoptar políticas más eficaces que limiten la exposición de los niños a los anuncios de productos poco saludables.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction: Given the interest in reducing the consumption of foods with low nutritional value, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the nutritional quality of the advertisements of processed and ultra-processed foods in the Spanish television. Material and Methods: A transversal, observational and descriptive study was carried out on television processed and ultra-processed foods advertisements for the four general television channels and the children’s channel with advertising and larger audiences. The analysis was performed within one weekday and one weekend day, during the two respective slots with the highest average audience. The repetition frequency of the advertisements of each registered product was taken into account and the UK traffic light labelling was applied for the assessment. The main color profile was established for the overall of chanells and also for each one separately. Results: Processed and ultra-processed foods advertisements composed 19.6% of total. The pressure of this type of advertising on the children’s channel (36.8%) was twice higher than the average of general channels (17.4%). The majority traffic light labelling profile of the set was red for fats and saturated fats, and green for sugars and salt. The children’s channel Boing presented the worst nutrient profile, being red for all nutrients analyzed, except for salt, which was amber. Telecinco presented the best profile, being green for all nutrients analyzed. Conclusions: The advertising of processed and ultra-processed foods on television in Spain presents an overall nutritional quality that needs to be improved, especially in the case of the analyzed children’s channel, which would suggest adopting more effective policies that limit children’s exposure to unhealthy advertising.

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          Television food advertising to children: a global perspective.

          We compared television food advertising to children in several countries. We undertook a collaboration among 13 research groups in Australia, Asia, Western Europe, and North and South America. Each group recorded programming for 2 weekdays and 2 weekend days between 6:00 and 22:00, for the 3 channels most watched by children, between October 2007 and March 2008. We classified food advertisements as core (nutrient dense, low in energy), noncore (high in undesirable nutrients or energy, as defined by dietary standards), or miscellaneous. We also categorized thematic content (promotional characters and premiums). Food advertisements composed 11% to 29% of advertisements. Noncore foods were featured in 53% to 87% of food advertisements, and the rate of noncore food advertising was higher during children's peak viewing times. Most food advertisements containing persuasive marketing were for noncore products. Across all sampled countries, children were exposed to high volumes of television advertising for unhealthy foods, featuring child-oriented persuasive techniques. Because of the proven connections between food advertising, preferences, and consumption, our findings lend support to calls for regulation of food advertising during children's peak viewing times.
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            A 2-phase labeling and choice architecture intervention to improve healthy food and beverage choices.

            We assessed whether a 2-phase labeling and choice architecture intervention would increase sales of healthy food and beverages in a large hospital cafeteria. Phase 1 was a 3-month color-coded labeling intervention (red = unhealthy, yellow = less healthy, green = healthy). Phase 2 added a 3-month choice architecture intervention that increased the visibility and convenience of some green items. We compared relative changes in 3-month sales from baseline to phase 1 and from phase 1 to phase 2. At baseline (977,793 items, including 199,513 beverages), 24.9% of sales were red and 42.2% were green. Sales of red items decreased in both phases (P < .001), and green items increased in phase 1 (P < .001). The largest changes occurred among beverages. Red beverages decreased 16.5% during phase 1 (P < .001) and further decreased 11.4% in phase 2 (P < .001). Green beverages increased 9.6% in phase 1 (P < .001) and further increased 4.0% in phase 2 (P < .001). Bottled water increased 25.8% during phase 2 (P < .001) but did not increase at 2 on-site comparison cafeterias (P < .001). A color-coded labeling intervention improved sales of healthy items and was enhanced by a choice architecture intervention.
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              Colour Me In--an empirical study on consumer responses to the traffic light signposting system in nutrition labelling.

              As a means of empowering consumers, nutrition labelling has become a widely discussed topic. Simplicity and uniformity of labelling systems are regarded as the prevailing demands from the consumer side. In the present study, we analyse the effects of the traffic light signposting scheme on consumers' food choices. In an online survey, respondents first rated the understandability of the traffic light signposting scheme. In a following conjoint experiment, they indicated which products they would select as the healthiest of the presented products, based on the nutritive information provided by the traffic light signposting scheme. A major German university. In total 2002 undergraduate students participated in the survey. Two-thirds (69 %) of the respondents were female and the majority of the respondents (70 %) were between 18 and 24 years old. Seventy-seven per cent of the participants indicated that they had a higher level of education. Overall, the participants rated the understandability of the traffic light nutrition signposting scheme fairly high (5.9 out of 7). Sugar and fat were found to be the most important attributes of the scheme. Participants placed greater emphases on a change in a product's nutrient characteristic from 'amber to 'red' compared with a change from 'green' to 'amber'. Our results confirm the signalling effect of colour coding as it helps reduce the complexity of decision making. Our findings shed new light on the ongoing discussion concerning appropriate and efficient nutrition labelling and provide interesting insights for further research as well as implications for public policy making.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                renhyd
                Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética
                Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet
                Fundación Española de Dietistas-Nutricionistas (FEDN) (Pamplona, Navarra, Spain )
                2173-1292
                2174-5145
                September 2017
                : 21
                : 3
                : 221-229
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameConcísate (Divulgación sobre Consumo, Ciencia y Salud) Spain
                [2] Cataluña orgnameUniversitat de Barcelona orgdiv1Instituto de Formación Continua orgdiv2Máster en Nutrición y Alimentación Spain
                [3] Cataluña orgnameUniversitat de Barcelona orgdiv1Facultad de Farmacia y Ciencias de la Alimentación orgdiv2Departamento de Nutrición, Ciencias de la Alimentación y Gastronomía Spain
                Article
                S2174-51452017000300003
                10.14306/renhyd.21.3.348
                a3b64079-dd5e-482f-b817-ed134c91ce66

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 30 June 2017
                : 29 January 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Television,Advertising as Topic,Food Analysis,Etiquetado de Alimentos,Televisión,Publicidad como Asunto,Análisis de los Alimentos,Food Labeling

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