Repercussão da perda de peso sobre parâmetros nutricionais e metabólicos de pacientes obesos graves após um ano de gastroplastia em Y-de-Roux

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Abstract

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a evolução metabólico-nutricional e a atividade inflamatória em pacientes com obesidade grave submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo prospectivo em 56 pacientes (50 mulheres e seis homens), apresentando média de idade de 40 +/- 9,9 anos, submetidos à RYGB. Avaliação metabólica e nutricional e da atividade inflamatória foram verificadas antes, seis e 12 meses após o procedimento cirúrgico. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se redução significativa nos valores iniciais, em relação à perda de peso de 138 ± 28,8 to 90 ± 19,5 kg (p< 0,0001), glicemia de 116 ± 47,3 to 84 ± 9,8 mg/dL (p< 0,0001), níveis de triacilglicerol de 137 ± 61,4 to 84 ± 38,6 mg/dL (p< 0,0001), colesterol total de 189 ± 41,6 to 166 ± 36,4 mg/dL (p< 0,0001) e LDL-colesterol de 119 ± 36,1 para 104 ± 30,7 mg/dL (p< 0,0005). Os níveis de proteína C-reativa reduziram de 11,33 ± 10,82 para 3,62 ± 4,49 mg/dL (p< 0,0001). Embora os níveis de ferro tenham permanecido dentro do limite de normalidade, após um ano, observou-se diminuição significativa na hemoglobina de 13 ± 1,3 para 12 ± 1,4 g/dL (p< 0,01), e redução nos níveis de ferritina, particularmente nas mulheres, que apresentou queda de 101,2 ± 123,3 para 85,0 ± 101,9 g/dL (p< 0,03). CONCLUSÃO: A melhora verificada no estado metabólico e inflamatório concomitantemente após tratamento cirúrgico pode reduzir substancialmente as co-morbidades associadas com o risco cardiovascular aumentado.

Translated abstract

OBJECTIVE: To assess nutritional and metabolic evolution and inflammatory activity in severe obese patients submitted to bariatric surgery. METHODS: This prospective study evaluated 56 patients (50 female and 6 male), mean age 40 ± 9,9 years, submitted to RYGB. Nutritional, metabolic, and inflammatory parameters were assessed prior to and 12 months postsurgery. RESULTS: It was verified significant decreases in weight loss in relation to baseline values from 138 ± 28,8 to 90 ± 19,5 kg (p< 0,0001), glucose levels from 116 ± 47,3 to 84 ± 9,8 mg/dL (p< 0,0001), triacylglycerol levels from 137 ± 61,4 to 84 ± 38,6 mg/dL (p< 0,0001), and also in total cholesterol from 189 ± 41,6 to 166 ± 36,4 mg/dL (p< 0,0001) and LDL-cholesterol from 119 ± 36,1 to 104 ± 30,7 mg/dL (p< 0,0005). C-reactive protein levels reduced from 11,33 ± 10,82 to 3,62 ± 4,49 mg/dL (p< 0,0001). Although maintenance of iron levels was verified after one year, there was a significant decrease in hemoglobin from 13 ± 1,3 to 12 ± 1,4 g/dL (p< 0,01), and reduction in ferritin levels, especially in women who showed a decrease from 101,2 ± 123,3 to 85,0 ± 101,9 (p< 0,03). CONCLUSION: Therefore, weigh loss in patients with severe obese after RYGB showed improvement in both metabolic and inflammatory status and may reduce substantially co-morbidities associated with increased cardiovascular risk.

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Impact of weight loss on inflammatory proteins and their association with the insulin resistance syndrome in morbidly obese patients.

Monika Krzyzanowska, Meghan Kopp, G. Kopp … (2003)

Obesity is closely linked to the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS), type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), indicating chronic subclinical inflammation, have been associated with features of the IRS and incident cardiovascular disease. We studied the cross-sectional and longitudinal relation of CRP, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) with features of the IRS in 37 morbidly obese patients with different stages of glucose tolerance before and 14 months after gastric surgery. Weight loss after gastric surgery induced a significant shift from diabetes (37% vs 3%) to impaired glucose tolerance (40% vs 33%) and normal glucose tolerance (23% vs 64%). The baseline concentration of IL-6 was correlated with TNF-alpha (r=0.59, P<0.01) and CRP (r=0.44, P<0.05) levels. TNF-alpha, IL-6, and CRP were significantly correlated with insulin resistance estimated by the homeostatic model assessment (r=0.48, P<0.05; r=0.56, P<0.01; and r=0.35, P<0.05, respectively). Concentrations of CRP and IL-6 decreased after weight loss (median, 8.6 and interquartile range, 2.7/14.5 vs 2.5 and 1.2/4.1 mg/L; P<0.006, and 5.13 and 2.72/12.15 vs 3.95 and 1.97/5.64 pg/mL, P<0.02, respectively), whereas serum levels of TNF-alpha remained unchanged (8.6 and 6.3/18.8 vs 11.7 and 5.8/17.2 pg/mL; NS.). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the decrease in insulin resistance remained independently and significantly correlated with the decrease in IL-6 concentrations (P<0.01) and the decrease in body mass index with the decrease in CRP (P<0.05), respectively. Weight loss in morbidly obese patients induces a significant decrease of CRP and IL-6 concentrations in association with an improvement of the IRS.