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      Collagen as Bioink for Bioprinting: A Comprehensive Review

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          Abstract

          Biomaterials made using collagen are successfully used as a three-dimensional (3D) substrate for cell culture and considered to be promising scaffolds for creating artificial tissues. An important task that arises for engineering such materials is the simulation of physical and morphological properties of tissues, which must be restored or replaced. Modern additive technologies, including 3D bioprinting, can be applied to successfully solve this task. This review provides the latest evidence on advances of 3D bioprinting with collagen in the field of tissue engineering. It contains modern approaches for printing pure collagen bioinks consisting only of collagen and cells, as well as the obtained results from the use of pure collagen bioinks in different fields of tissue engineering.

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          3D bioprinting of collagen to rebuild components of the human heart

          Collagen is the primary component of the extracellular matrix in the human body. It has proved challenging to fabricate collagen scaffolds capable of replicating the structure and function of tissues and organs. We present a method to 3D-bioprint collagen using freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels (FRESH) to engineer components of the human heart at various scales, from capillaries to the full organ. Control of pH-driven gelation provides 20-micrometer filament resolution, a porous microstructure that enables rapid cellular infiltration and microvascularization, and mechanical strength for fabrication and perfusion of multiscale vasculature and tri-leaflet valves. We found that FRESH 3D-bioprinted hearts accurately reproduce patient-specific anatomical structure as determined by micro–computed tomography. Cardiac ventricles printed with human cardiomyocytes showed synchronized contractions, directional action potential propagation, and wall thickening up to 14% during peak systole.
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            Three-dimensional printing of complex biological structures by freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels

            Freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels enables three-dimensional printing of soft extracellular matrix biopolymers in biomimetic structures.
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              The collagen family.

              Collagens are the most abundant proteins in mammals. The collagen family comprises 28 members that contain at least one triple-helical domain. Collagens are deposited in the extracellular matrix where most of them form supramolecular assemblies. Four collagens are type II membrane proteins that also exist in a soluble form released from the cell surface by shedding. Collagens play structural roles and contribute to mechanical properties, organization, and shape of tissues. They interact with cells via several receptor families and regulate their proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Some collagens have a restricted tissue distribution and hence specific biological functions.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Int J Bioprint
                Int J Bioprint
                Whioce Publishing Pte. Ltd.
                International Journal of Bioprinting
                Whioce Publishing Pte. Ltd.
                2424-7723
                2424-8002
                2020
                21 April 2020
                : 6
                : 3
                : 270
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Imtek Ltd., 3 rd Cherepkovskaya 15A, Moscow, Russia
                [2 ]Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology Federal State Budgetary Institution, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Gamalei 18, Moscow, Russia
                [3 ]Russian Cardiology Research and Production Center Federal State Budgetary Institution, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 3 Cherepkovskaya 15A, Moscow, Russia
                Author notes
                [* ] Corresponding Author: Egor Olegovich Osidak, Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology Federal State Budgetary Institution, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Gamalei 18, Moscow, Russia; OsidakEgor_egorosidak@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                IJB-6-3-270
                10.18063/ijb.v6i3.270
                7557346
                33088985
                a43502b8-e6df-416f-a72b-576536fb1147
                Copyright: © 2020 Osidak, et al.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International 4.0 (CC BY-NC 4.0), which permits all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 02 March 2020
                : 16 March 2020
                Categories
                Review Article

                collagen,three-dimensional bioprinting,tissue engineering,cell-laden hydrogels

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