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      Ectopia tiroidea doble: a propósito de un caso Translated title: Double thyroid ectopy: case report

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: Se denomina tiroides ectópico a la presencia de tejido tiroideo en una localización distinta de su habitual. Es de prevalencia muy baja y tiene su origen en alteraciones del trayecto de descenso de la glándula desde la base de la lengua hasta su posición final cervical anterior durante el desarrollo. El diagnóstico se basa en pruebas de imagen y el estudio histológico. El tratamiento varía según su localización, síntomas y funcionalidad hormonal. La ectopia doble es una situación muy infrecuente, con alrededor de 40 casos descritos en la literatura. Caso clínico: Presentamos una mujer de 39 años en seguimiento por tejido tiroideo ectópico doble en la base de la lengua y submandibular izquierda derivada a nuestras consultas por crecimiento en el último año del nódulo submandibular objetivado en la tomografía computarizada (TC) cervicofacial de control. La paciente se encontraba asintomática y las pruebas de función tiroidea eran normales. Se decidió tratamiento quirúrgico del tejido de localización submandibular con un abordaje tipo Risdon modificado y vigilancia periódica del nódulo situado en la base lingual. Discusión: El tejido tiroideo ectópico es un hallazgo muy infrecuente y la ectopia doble es aún más infrecuente. Presentamos el caso de una paciente en la que se decidió manejo quirúrgico por crecimiento de uno de los nódulos a pesar de encontrarse en un estado de eutiroidismo.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction: Thyroid ectopy is described as the presence of thyroid tissue in a location that is different from that of its usual in the lower anterior neck. It has very low prevalence and it finds its origin in disruptions in the descent from the base of the tongue to its final position during gland embriogenesis. The diagnosis is based on imaging tests and histologic studies, the treatment varies according to its location, symptoms and hormonal functionality. Double thyroid ectopy is a very rare finding, with approximately 40 cases described in the literature. Case presentation: We present a 39 year old female patient who was under follow up because of a double thyroid ectopic tissue: in the tongue base and left submandibular locations. She was derived to our Department after a growth of the submandibular subunit in the last year was detected in the computed tomography scan (CT). She was asymptomatic and thyroid functionality tests were normal. Surgical treatment of the submandibular thyroid tissue was consensuated, with a modified Risdon like approach, and monitoring of the nodule at the base of the tongue. Discussion: Thyroid ectopic tissue is a very infrequent finding and even rarer is a double ectopy. We present a patient in which a surgical approach was decided after observing a growth in one of the ectopia nodules even though she was in a euthyroidism hormonal state.

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          Dual Ectopic Thyroid with Normally Located Thyroid: A Case Report

          Dual ectopic thyroid is a rare presentation of thyroid ectopia. Only a few cases have been reported in the world literature. Dual ectopic thyroid in the presence of a normally located thyroid is even rarer. We report a case of dual ectopic thyroid in the lingual and submandibular areas in a seventeen-year-old female with hypoplastic thyroid gland in its normal location. The patient presented with a midline swelling at the base of tongue with dysphagia. Thyroid function test revealed primary hypothyroidism. Ultrasonography of the neck showed hypoplastic thyroid in its normal location. A thyroid scan with Technetium-99 m pertechnate showed two intensely hyperfunctioning foci of ectopic thyroid tissue at a higher level in the midline consistent with dual ectopic thyroid, one at the base of tongue and the other in submental region. No uptake was seen in the normal bed.
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            Scintigraphic Detection of Dual Ectopic Thyroid Tissue: Experience of a Chinese Tertiary Hospital

            Purpose To assess scintigraphic pattern, clinical indication and relevance of dual ectopic thyroid tissue (ETT). Literature is reviewed for such cases. Methods In this 5-year retrospective study, we reviewed all thyroid scintigraphies in our data base. Patients diagnosed with suspected ETT were identified. Literature is reviewed. Statistics were done by one-way analysis of variance and least significant difference test. Results From 11905 thyroid scintigraphies during the 5-year period, we retrieved 121 patients eligible for analysis. The top two indications were assessing a palpable front neck mass to determine whether it was an ETT, and primary hypothyroidism. Patients were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 with single ETT (83 cases); group 2 with dual ETT (6 cases) and group 3 with athyroid (32 cases). Age and thyroid hormones were highest in group 2, and lowest in group 3. Thyrotropin was highest in group 3, and lowest in group 2. Thyroxine was given to hypothyroid patients, while no surgery was performed. There were 42 published cases with dual ETT, most of whom were under 30 years old. 38.10% of them were euthyroid, 33.33% hypothyroid, and 21.43% subclinical hypothyroid. Most frequent ectopic positions included lingual (33.73%), sublingual (27.71%) and subhyoid (22.89%). Conclusions In our cohort, incidence of dual ETT was 0.05% if the denominator was total number of thyroid scintigraphies. The incidence was 4.96% if the denominator was the number of patients with suspected ETT. Important clinical indication is a front neck palpable mass suggestive of an ETT. Important clinical relevance of recognizing the dual ETT pattern is to avoid inappropriate surgery. After reviewing all published cases, we find dual ETT is often seen in young patients. Most of such patients are euthyroid or mildly hypothyroid. Thyroid ectopia often resides in lingual, sublingual and subhyoid areas.
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              Dual Ectopic Thyroid: A Case Report with Review of Literature

              The ectopic thyroid gland is a rare entity which is mostly found along the line of descent of the thyroid gland. Most of the patients present with midline swelling and usually seek medical attention. Dual ectopic thyroid gland is even rarer. The clinical examination and different imaging modalities establish its diagnosis. Radionuclide studies are highly sensitive and specific in demonstrating the functional tissues in patients with ectopic thyroid, thereby guiding further management. The authors reported a case of ectopic thyroid gland in a girl with midline neck swelling initially, subsequently lost to follow-up. She again presented with enlarged swelling after a period of three years with dual ectopic thyroid in the neck region on thyroid scan. Thyroid scintigraphy demonstrated that progression in the size of ectopic glands was due to neglect in treatment.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                maxi
                Revista Española de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial
                Rev Esp Cirug Oral y Maxilofac
                Sociedad Española de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial y de Cabeza y Cuello (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1130-0558
                2173-9161
                March 2021
                : 43
                : 1
                : 48-51
                Affiliations
                [1] Madrid orgnameHospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal orgdiv1Servicio de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial Spain
                Article
                S1130-05582021000100048 S1130-0558(21)04300100048
                10.20986/recom.2021.1160/2020
                a4386069-3b5e-4901-9f7f-93c8c58c7ae9

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 07 June 2020
                : 31 March 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 10, Pages: 4
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                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Casos Clínicos

                thyroid dysgenesis,scintigraphy,gammagrafía,Tiroides ectópico,thyroid ultrasonography,ecografía tiroidea,Ectopic thyroid,disgenesia tiroidea

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