For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
10
views
16
references
 Top references
cited by
7
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      752
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: not found

      Concurrent COVID-19 and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient subsequently found to have underlying hairy cell leukemia

      case-report

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          SARS-CoV-2 infection manifestation has great diversity and it becomes even greater while co-infection occurs or there is a serious underlying disease in an affected patient. In this case report, we present a case of a 71-year-old man who underwent a chest CT scan following the development of fever, weakness, and pulmonary symptoms. Chest CT scan showed segmental consolidation with centrilobular nodular infiltration, ground glass opacifications in the inferior segment of the left upper and lower lobes, and left lung pleural thickening which was atypical for either COVID-19 infection or pneumocystis carinii pneumonia but his SARS-CoV-2 PCR result was positive and he received COVID-19 treatment. His symptoms recurred after a few months with the same chest CT findings and subsequent bronchoalveolar lavage revealed the presence of pneumocystis carinii infection. Consequently, he received cotrimoxazole which caused improvement in symptoms, nonetheless splenomegaly and anemia remained in his clinical and laboratory investigation. Accordingly, bone marrow study and flow cytometry was done and confirmed the previously undiagnosed hairy cell leukemia. This case accentuates the fact that when we face atypical clinical or paraclinical features in a COVID-19 patient, we should explore for coinfection or unknown underlying diseases.

          Related collections

          Most cited references16

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: found
          Is Open Access

          Prevalence and outcomes of co-infection and superinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens: A systematic review and meta-analysis

          Jackson Musuuza, Lauren Watson, Vishala Parmasad … (2021)
          Introduction The recovery of other pathogens in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection has been reported, either at the time of a SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis (co-infection) or subsequently (superinfection). However, data on the prevalence, microbiology, and outcomes of co-infection and superinfection are limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the occurrence of co-infections and superinfections and their outcomes among patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients and methods We searched literature databases for studies published from October 1, 2019, through February 8, 2021. We included studies that reported clinical features and outcomes of co-infection or superinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. We followed PRISMA guidelines, and we registered the protocol with PROSPERO as: CRD42020189763. Results Of 6639 articles screened, 118 were included in the random effects meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of co-infection was 19% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 14%-25%, I 2 = 98%) and that of superinfection was 24% (95% CI: 19%-30%). Pooled prevalence of pathogen type stratified by co- or superinfection were: viral co-infections, 10% (95% CI: 6%-14%); viral superinfections, 4% (95% CI: 0%-10%); bacterial co-infections, 8% (95% CI: 5%-11%); bacterial superinfections, 20% (95% CI: 13%-28%); fungal co-infections, 4% (95% CI: 2%-7%); and fungal superinfections, 8% (95% CI: 4%-13%). Patients with a co-infection or superinfection had higher odds of dying than those who only had SARS-CoV-2 infection (odds ratio = 3.31, 95% CI: 1.82–5.99). Compared to those with co-infections, patients with superinfections had a higher prevalence of mechanical ventilation (45% [95% CI: 33%-58%] vs. 10% [95% CI: 5%-16%]), but patients with co-infections had a greater average length of hospital stay than those with superinfections (mean = 29.0 days, standard deviation [SD] = 6.7 vs. mean = 16 days, SD = 6.2, respectively). Conclusions Our study showed that as many as 19% of patients with COVID-19 have co-infections and 24% have superinfections. The presence of either co-infection or superinfection was associated with poor outcomes, including increased mortality. Our findings support the need for diagnostic testing to identify and treat co-occurring respiratory infections among patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
          Article 0 comments Cited 192 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            State-of-the-art review of secondary pulmonary infections in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia

            Woon H. Chong, Biplab K. Saha, Ananthakrishnan Ramani … (2021)
            Background The incidence of secondary pulmonary infections is not well described in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Understanding the incidence of secondary pulmonary infections and the associated bacterial and fungal microorganisms identified can improve patient outcomes. Objective This narrative review aims to determine the incidence of secondary bacterial and fungal pulmonary infections in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and describe the bacterial and fungal microorganisms identified. Method We perform a literature search and select articles with confirmed diagnoses of secondary bacterial and fungal pulmonary infections that occur 48 h after admission, using respiratory tract cultures in hospitalized adult COVID-19 patients. We exclude articles involving co-infections defined as infections diagnosed at the time of admission by non-SARS-CoV-2 viruses, bacteria, and fungal microorganisms. Results The incidence of secondary pulmonary infections is low at 16% (4.8–42.8%) for bacterial infections and lower for fungal infections at 6.3% (0.9–33.3%) in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Secondary pulmonary infections are predominantly seen in critically ill hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The most common bacterial microorganisms identified in the respiratory tract cultures are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella species, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Aspergillus fumigatus is the most common microorganism identified to cause secondary fungal pulmonary infections. Other rare opportunistic infection reported such as PJP is mostly confined to small case series and case reports. The overall time to diagnose secondary bacterial and fungal pulmonary infections is 10 days (2–21 days) from initial hospitalization and 9 days (4–18 days) after ICU admission. The use of antibiotics is high at 60–100% involving the studies included in our review. Conclusion The widespread use of empirical antibiotics during the current pandemic may contribute to the development of multidrug-resistant microorganisms, and antimicrobial stewardship programs are required for minimizing and de-escalating antibiotics. Due to the variation in definition across most studies, a large, well-designed study is required to determine the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of secondary pulmonary infections in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
            Article 0 comments Cited 59 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              COVID-19-associated opportunistic infections: a snapshot on the current reports

              Amir Abdoli, Shahab Falahi, Azra Kenarkoohi (2021)
              Treatment of the novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a complicated challenge, especially among patients with severe disease. In recent studies, immunosuppressive therapy has shown promising results for control of the cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) in severe cases of COVID-19. However, it is well documented that immunosuppressive agents ( e.g., corticosteroids and cytokine blockers) increase the risk of opportunistic infections. On the other hand, several opportunistic infections were reported in COVID-19 patients, including Aspergillus spp . , Candida spp . , Cryptococcus neoformans , Pneumocystis jiroveci ( carinii ), mucormycosis, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Strongyloides stercoralis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Toxoplasma gondii . This review is a snapshot about the main opportunistic infections that reported among COVID-19 patients. As such, we summarized information about the main immunosuppressive agents that were used in recent clinical trials for COVID-19 patients and the risk of opportunistic infections following these treatments. We also discussed about the main challenges regarding diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19-associated opportunistic infections (CAOIs). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10238-021-00751-7.
              Article 0 comments Cited 44 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Radiol Case Rep
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Radiol Case Rep
                Title: Radiology Case Reports
                Publisher: The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington.
                ISSN (Electronic): 1930-0433
                Publication date PMC-release: 2 July 2022
                Publication date (Print): September 2022
                Publication date (Electronic): 2 July 2022
                Volume: 17
                Issue: 9
                Pages: 3238-3242
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
                [b ]Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hazrat-e Rasool General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
                [c ]Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
                [d ]Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author.
                Article
                Publisher Item ID: S1930-0433(22)00469-1
                DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.06.026
                PMC ID: 9249992
                PubMed ID: 35795327
                SO-VID: a43fb919-b0ea-47a4-be84-b2fd3360535c
                Copyright © © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington.
                License:

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                Date received : 1 June 2022
                Date revision received : 7 June 2022
                Date accepted : 8 June 2022
                Categories
                Subject: Case Report

                Keywords: covid-19,sars-cov-2,pneumocystis carinii,pneumocystis jirovecii,infection,hairy cell leukemia,pneumonia,chest ct scan,bone marrow,flow cytometry
                Data availability:
                Keywords: covid-19, sars-cov-2, pneumocystis carinii, pneumocystis jirovecii, infection, hairy cell leukemia, pneumonia, chest ct scan, bone marrow, flow cytometry

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content752

                See all similar

                Cited by7

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors107

                See all reference authors