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      Effectiveness of spiritual interventions on psychological outcomes and quality of life among paediatric patients with cancer: a study protocol for a systematic review

      systematic-review

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Cancer and its treatment affect children’s physical, psychological and social well-being throughout the disease trajectory. Spiritual well-being is a fundamental dimension of people’s overall health and is considered a source of strength to motivate patients to cope with and adapt to their disease. Appropriate spiritual interventions are important to mitigate the psychological impact of cancer on children, with an ultimate goal of improving their quality of life (QoL) throughout the treatment course. However, the overall effectiveness of spiritual interventions for paediatric patients with cancer remains unclear. This paper describes a protocol to systematically summarise the characteristics of studies related to existing spiritual interventions and synthesise their effectiveness on psychological outcomes and QoL among children with cancer.

          Methods and analysis

          Ten databases will be searched to identify appropriate literature: MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, LILACS, OpenSIGLE, the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, the Chinese Medical Current Contents and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure. All randomised controlled trials that meet our inclusion criteria will be included. The primary outcome will be QoL as evaluated by self-reported measures. The secondary outcomes will be self-reported or objectively measured psychological outcomes, including anxiety and depression. Review Manager V.5.3 will be used to synthesise the data, calculate treatment effects, perform any subgroup analyses and assess the risk of bias in included studies.

          Ethical and dissemination

          The results will be presented at international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. As no individual data will be involved in this review, ethical approval is not required.

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          Most cited references38

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          Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test

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            The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration

            Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are essential to summarise evidence relating to efficacy and safety of healthcare interventions accurately and reliably. The clarity and transparency of these reports, however, are not optimal. Poor reporting of systematic reviews diminishes their value to clinicians, policy makers, and other users. Since the development of the QUOROM (quality of reporting of meta-analysis) statement—a reporting guideline published in 1999—there have been several conceptual, methodological, and practical advances regarding the conduct and reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Also, reviews of published systematic reviews have found that key information about these studies is often poorly reported. Realising these issues, an international group that included experienced authors and methodologists developed PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) as an evolution of the original QUOROM guideline for systematic reviews and meta-analyses of evaluations of health care interventions. The PRISMA statement consists of a 27-item checklist and a four-phase flow diagram. The checklist includes items deemed essential for transparent reporting of a systematic review. In this explanation and elaboration document, we explain the meaning and rationale for each checklist item. For each item, we include an example of good reporting and, where possible, references to relevant empirical studies and methodological literature. The PRISMA statement, this document, and the associated website (www.prisma-statement.org/) should be helpful resources to improve reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
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              Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                BMJ Open
                BMJ Open
                bmjopen
                bmjopen
                BMJ Open
                BMJ Publishing Group (BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR )
                2044-6055
                2023
                7 March 2023
                : 13
                : 3
                : e070810
                Affiliations
                [1]departmentSchool of Nursing , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong, China
                Author notes
                [Correspondence to ] Dr Ka Yan Ho; Kyanho@ 123456polyu.edu.hk
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3953-9065
                Article
                bmjopen-2022-070810
                10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070810
                10008432
                36882254
                a4483e91-f2ed-4aa9-ae0e-a17384ceaf64
                © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

                This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See:  http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

                History
                : 05 December 2022
                : 23 February 2023
                Categories
                Paediatrics
                1506
                1719
                Protocol
                Custom metadata
                unlocked

                Medicine
                quality of life,paediatric oncology,mental health
                Medicine
                quality of life, paediatric oncology, mental health

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