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      Enzyme activity in soybean seeds produced under foliar application of manganese Translated title: Atividade enzimática em sementes de soja produzidas sob aplicação de manganês via foliar

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          Abstract

          Several factors affect the quality of soybean seeds, including the mineral nutrition of plants. Manganese (Mn) is an important nutrient because it has as one of its functions the enzyme activation. The aim of this study was to evaluate enzyme activity in seeds of soybean cultivars produced with foliar application of different doses of Mn. The experiment was conducted at the Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) (Federal University of Lavras) in randomized blocks with three replications and 4 x 4 x 2 factorial arrangement consisting of four soybean cultivars, two conventional and its genetically modified RR derived (BRS Celeste and BRS Baliza RR; BRSGO Jataí and BRS Silvânia RR), four doses of Mn via foliar application (0; 200; 400 and 600 g Mn ha-1) and two stages of application (R1 or R3). In the seeds, the expressions of the enzymes esterase (EST), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (PRX) and isocitratelyase (ICL) were determined. For evaluation of physiological quality, the germination test and emergence speed index (ESI) were performed. The Mn content in the seeds was also determined. The expression of the enzymes EST, SOD, PRX and ICL in soybean seeds are affected by foliar application of Mn, regardless of the stages of application. In the seeds of the cultivars that showed better physiological quality, Celeste and Baliza RR, greater expressions of the enzymes ADH and ICL and lower expressions of MDH and of PRX were observed.

          Translated abstract

          Diversos fatores afetam a qualidade das sementes de soja, dentre eles a nutrição mineral das plantas. O manganês (Mn) é um nutriente importante por ter como uma de suas funções a ativação enzimática. O objetivo, neste trabalho, foi avaliar a atividade enzimática em sementes de cultivares de soja, produzidas com aplicação foliar de diferentes doses de Mn. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), em blocos casualizados, com três repetições e esquema fatorial 4 x 4 x 2, sendo quatro cultivares de soja, duas convencionais e suas derivadas transgênicas RR (BRS Celeste e BRS Baliza RR; BRSGO Jataí e BRS Silvânia RR), quatro doses de Mn via foliar (0; 200; 400 e 600 g Mn ha-1) e dois estádios de aplicação (R1 ou R3). Nas sementes, foram determinadas as expressões das enzimas esterase (EST), malato desidrogenase (MDH), álcool desidrogenase (ADH), superóxido dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (PRX) e isocitrato liase (ICL). Para avaliação da qualidade fisiológica foram realizados os testes de Germinação e de Índice de velocidade de emergência (IVE). Determinou-se, também, o teor de Mn nas sementes. A expressão das enzimas EST, SOD, PRX e ICL em sementes de soja são influenciadas pela aplicação de Mn via foliar, independente do estádio de aplicação. Nas sementes das cultivares, as quais apresentaram melhor qualidade fisiológica, Celeste e Baliza RR, foram constatadas maiores expressões das enzimas ADH e ICL e menores expressões de MDH e de PRX.

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          Regraspara análise de sementes

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            Manual de nutrição mineral de plantas

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              Redox homeostasis, antioxidant defense, and methylglyoxal detoxification as markers for salt tolerance in Pokkali rice.

              To identify biochemical markers for salt tolerance, two contrasting cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.) differing in salt tolerance were analyzed for various parameters. Pokkali, a salt-tolerant cultivar, showed considerably lower level of H(2)O(2) as compared to IR64, a sensitive cultivar, and such a physiology may be ascribed to the higher activity of enzymes in Pokkali, which either directly or indirectly are involved in the detoxification of H(2)O(2). Enzyme activities and the isoenzyme pattern of antioxidant enzymes also showed higher activity of different types and forms in Pokkali as compared to IR64, suggesting that Pokkali possesses a more efficient antioxidant defense system to cope up with salt-induced oxidative stress. Further, Pokkali exhibited a higher GSH/GSSG ratio along with a higher ratio of reduced ascorbate/oxidized ascorbate as compared to IR64 under NaCl stress. In addition, the activity of methylglyoxal detoxification system (glyoxalase I and II) was significantly higher in Pokkali as compared to IR64. As reduced glutathione is involved in the ascorbate-glutathione pathway as well as in the methylglyoxal detoxification pathway, it may be a point of interaction between these two. Our results suggest that both ascorbate and glutathione homeostasis, modulated also via glyoxalase enzymes, can be considered as biomarkers for salt tolerance in Pokkali rice. In addition, status of reactive oxygen species and oxidative DNA damage can serve as a quick and sensitive biomarker for screening against salt and other abiotic stresses in crop plants.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                cagro
                Ciência e Agrotecnologia
                Ciênc. agrotec.
                Editora da Universidade Federal de Lavras (Lavras )
                1981-1829
                August 2014
                : 38
                : 4
                : 317-327
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Lavras Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Federal de Lavras Brazil
                [3 ] Syngenta Seeds Brazil
                Article
                S1413-70542014000400001
                10.1590/S1413-70542014000400001
                a44dbd3f-1530-4eac-bf28-4e6a451a36cc

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1413-7054&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

                General agriculture
                Enzymes,Glycine max,quality,micronutrients,Enzimas,qualidade,micronutrientes
                General agriculture
                Enzymes, Glycine max, quality, micronutrients, Enzimas, qualidade, micronutrientes

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