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      Nano-aquarium for dynamic observation of living cells fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing of photostructurable glass.

      Biomedical Microdevices
      Cell Culture Techniques, instrumentation, methods, Cell Separation, Equipment Design, Equipment Failure Analysis, Glass, chemistry, radiation effects, Lasers, Microfluidic Analytical Techniques, Microscopy, Nanotechnology, Photochemistry

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          Abstract

          We demonstrate the fabrication of three-dimensional (3-D) hollow microstructures embedded in photostructurable glass by a nonlinear multiphoton absorption process using a femtosecond (fs) laser. Fs laser direct writing followed by annealing and successive wet etching in dilute hydrofluoric (HF) acid solution resulted in the rapid manufacturing of microchips with 3-D hollow microstructures for the dynamic observation of living microorganisms and cells in fresh water. The embedded microchannel structure enables us to analyze the continuous motion of Euglena gracilis. A microchamber with a movable microneedle demonstrates its ability for the elucidation of the information transmission process in Pleurosira laevis. Such microchips, referred to as nano-aquariums realize the efficient and highly functional observation of microorganisms and cells.

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