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      ¿De qué depende que un niño pueda fallecer en su domicilio? Factores relacionados con el ámbito del final de la vida en cuidados paliativos pediátricos. Perspectiva de los profesionales Translated title: What does it depend on that a child acn die at home? Factors related to the end of life in pediatric palliative care. Perspective of professionals

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          Abstract

          Resumen El lugar de fallecimiento en la población pediátrica ha sido ampliamente discutido y estudiado sin lograrse un consenso en la comunidad científica ni en la literatura. Por ello, conocer las experiencias de aquellos que acompañan este fragmento y la influencia del vínculo y el seguimiento en la toma de decisiones y el fallecimiento allí donde se desee permite optimizar el abordaje del cuidado. Objetivos Explorar la vivencia de los profesionales referentes de pacientes que fallecieron siendo atendidos por una unidad de cuidados paliativos pediátricos. Material y métodos Estudio cualitativo fenomenológico descriptivo retrospectivo transversal mediante entrevistas a 10 médicos especialistas de un hospital terciario monográfico pediátrico. Resultados Muchos de los entrevistados reflexionaban sobre sus propias dificultades en encontrar criterios y momento de derivación a cuidados paliativos e informar a las familias También sobre la gestión del vínculo con el niño y la familia y la figura de referencia tras compartir el seguimiento con el equipo de paliativos. Con respecto al lugar de fallecimiento ideal, la mayoría coinciden en que cada situación debe individualizarse, focalizando los deseos del niño, las competencias cuidadoras y el soporte y acompañamiento disponible, siendo el domicilio el lugar más mencionado por los entrevistados. Conclusiones La decisión y voluntad de vivir el final de la enfermedad y el fallecimiento en uno u otro lugar depende totalmente de cada niño, familia y cultura, de tal manera que los profesionales deben respetar y facilitar los cuidados donde se haya valorado más adecuado.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction The place of death in the pediatric population has been widely discussed and studied without consensus in the scientific community or in the literature. Therefore, knowing first-hand the experiences of those who accompany this fragment and how the link and follow-up can facilitate decision making and death wherever desired provides knowledge and learning for an optimal approach to care. Objectives To explore the experience of referring professionals of patients who died while being treated by a pediatric palliative care unit. Material and methods Qualitative retrospective crosssectional descriptive phenomenological study though interviews with 10 specialist clinicians from a monographic third level pediatric hospital. Results Many of the interviewees reflected their own difficulties in finding criteria and best time for referral to palliative care and informing families. Also, the management of the link with child and family and the reference figure after sharing the follow-up with palliative care team. Concerning to the ideal place of death most agree that each situation requires individualization, focusing on the child's wishes, care competencies, support and accompaniment available. Being home, the most mentioned place by interviewed subjects. Conclusions The decision and willingness to live through the end of the illness and death in one place or another depends entirely on each child, family and culture, in such a way that the professionals must respect and facilitate the care where it has been most appropriately valued.

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          Most cited references32

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          Place of death in the population dying from diseases indicative of palliative care need: a cross-national population-level study in 14 countries

          Studying where people die across countries can serve as an evidence base for health policy on end-of-life care. This study describes the place of death of people who died from diseases indicative of palliative care need in 14 countries, the association of place of death with cause of death, sociodemographic and healthcare availability characteristics in each country and the extent to which these characteristics explain country differences in the place of death.
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            Shifting place of death among children with complex chronic conditions in the United States, 1989-2003.

            The place where children with complex chronic conditions are dying may be shifting toward residential homes due to the evolving epidemiology of life-threatening childhood conditions, advances in home-based medical technology, and changes in attitudes about pediatric palliative care and hospice services. To determine whether pediatric deaths attributed to complex chronic conditions are increasingly occurring in the home and to assess race and ethnicity disparities in the location of death. Retrospective national-level case series drawn from the National Center for Health Statistics' Multiple Cause of Death Files spanning 1989-2003. Participants included all deceased individuals aged 19 years or younger with a complex chronic condition excluding injury and noncomplex chronic conditions (as classified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision or International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision). Place where death occurred. Among the 22.1% of deaths (198 160 of 896 509 total deaths) attributed to a complex chronic condition between 1989 and 2003, the percentage of individuals dying at home increased significantly (P<.001) over time for infants (aged <1 year) (4.9% in 1989 and 7.3% in 2003); 1- to 9-year-olds (17.9% and 30.7%); and for 10- to 19-year-olds (18.4% and 32.2%). Adjusting for decedent characteristics, the odds of dying at home increased significantly each year (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.04) and were reduced among both black and Hispanic decedents (odds ratio, 0.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.48-0.52 and odds ratio, 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.50-0.54, respectively) compared with white decedents. Children who die with underlying complex chronic conditions increasingly are dying at home. Racial and ethnic disparities regarding place of death may represent important limitations and opportunities for improvement in the current systems of pediatric chronic and palliative care.
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              Parent and clinician preferences for location of end-of-life care: home, hospital or freestanding hospice?

              Current options for location of end-of-life (EOL) care for children with cancer include home, hospital, and freestanding pediatric hospice (FSPH). However, access to these options varies greatly depending on geographical location. We aimed to determine bereaved parent and clinician preferences for location to EOL care and death.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ene
                Ene
                Ene.
                Martín Rodríguez Álvaro (Santa Cruz de La Palma, La Palma, Spain )
                1988-348X
                2021
                : 15
                : 2
                : 1150
                Affiliations
                [1] Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona orgnameHospital Sant Joan de Déu orgdiv1Unidad de Cuidados Paliativos Pediátricos
                Article
                S1988-348X2021000200006 S1988-348X(21)01500200006
                a489e870-0818-47db-8981-1f3a30bb5bf6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : October 2020
                : March 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 32, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículos

                cuidador,palliative care,pediatrics,end of life,home care,caregivers,Cuidados paliativos,pediatría,final de vida,atención en domicilio

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