Reducción del contenido de azúcar, grasa y sal en la cadena alimentaria: objetivo nutricional para la población española

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Abstract

Resumen Durante los últimos 30 años han mejorado los criterios y los parámetros de la higiene de los productos alimenticios. Se han alcanzado unos niveles de máxima seguridad en la Unión Europea. Además, desde el 2006 en los países europeos también están poniéndose las bases para establecer similares procesos para la consecución de determinados objetivos en la mejora de los parámetros nutricionales de los alimentos y de las bebidas (en concreto del azúcar, la grasa y la sal). En este sentido, España es uno de los países que más avances ha hecho y que han culminado con un acuerdo entre la Agencia Española de Consumo, Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición (Aecosan) y la Federación de Industrias de Alimentación y Bebidas (FIAB) para la mejora de la composición de los alimentos y de las bebidas como objetivo prioritario para el año 2020. Aunque desde el año 2010 ya se han producido avances en la reducción de azúcar, grasa saturada y sal en determinados alimentos y bebidas, esta situación se ha generalizado desde el año 2017.

Translated abstract

Abstract For the last 30 years food safety criteria and parameters of food products have been improved. Maximum safety level has been reached in the European Union. Furthermore, since 2006 in European countries the stage is being set for stabilizing similar processes for getting of certain objectives in the improvement of food and beverages nutrition profiles (specifically of sugar, fats and salt). In this sense, Spain is one of the countries that has advanced the most and culminated in an agreement between the Spanish Agency for Consumer Affairs, Food Safety and Nutrition (Aecosan) and the Spanish Food and Drink Industry Federation (FIAB) for the improvement in the food and beverages composition as a priority objective for 2020. Although since 2010 there have been advances in sugar, saturated fats and salt reduction in certain food and beverages, this situation has been generalized from 2017.

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Macronutrient Distribution and Dietary Sources in the Spanish Population: Findings from the ANIBES Study

Emma Ruiz, José Ávila, Teresa Valero … (2016)

Our aim was to analyze dietary macronutrient intake and its main sources according to sex and age. Results were derived from the ANIBES (“Anthropometry, Intake and Energy Balance in Spain”) cross-sectional study using a nationally-representative sample of the Spanish population (9–75 years old). Mean dietary protein intake was 74.5 ± 22.4 g/day, with meat and meat products as the main sources (33.0%). Mean carbohydrate intake was 185.4 ± 60.9 g/day and was higher in children and adolescents; grains (49%), mainly bread, were the main contributor. Milk and dairy products (23%) ranked first for sugar intake. Mean lipid intake was 78.1 ± 26.1 g/day and was higher in younger age groups; contributions were mainly from oils and fats (32.5%; olive oil 25.6%) and meat and meat products (22.0%). Lipid profiles showed relatively high monounsaturated fatty acid intake, of which olive oil contributed 38.8%. Saturated fatty acids were mainly (>70%) combined from meat and meat products, milk and dairy products and oils and fats. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were mainly from oils and fats (31.5%). The macronutrient intake and distribution in the Spanish population is far from population reference intakes and nutritional goals, especially for children and adolescents.

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The ANIBES Study on Energy Balance in Spain: Design, Protocol and Methodology

Emma Ruiz, José Ávila, Adrián Castillo … (2015)

Energy Balance (EB) is an important topic to understand how an imbalance in its main determinants (energy intake and consumption) may lead to inappropriate weight gain, considered to be “dynamic” and not “static”. There are no studies to evaluate EB in Spain, and new technologies reveal themselves as key tools to solve common problems to precisely quantify energy consumption and expenditure at population level. The overall purpose of the ANIBES (“Anthropometry, Intake and Energy Balance”) Study was to carry out an accurate updating of food and beverage intake, dietary habits/behaviour and anthropometric data of the Spanish population (9–75 years, n = 2009), as well as the energy expenditure and physical activity patterns. Anthropometry measurements (weight, height, body mass index, waist circumference, % body fat, % body water) were obtained; diet was evaluated throughout a three-day dietary record (tablet device) accompanied by a 24 h-dietary recall; physical activity was quantified by questionnaire and accelerometers were also employed. Finally, information about perception and understanding of several issues related to EB was also obtained. The ANIBES study will contribute to provide valuable useful data to inform food policy planning, food based dietary guidelines development and other health oriented actions in Spain.